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01-12-2019 | Obesity | Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article

Parsing the craniofacial phenotype: effect of weight change in an obstructive sleep apnoea population

Authors: Kate Sutherland, Julia L. Chapman, Elizabeth A. Cayanan, Aimee B. Lowth, Keith K. H. Wong, Brendon J. Yee, Ronald R. Grunstein, Nathaniel S. Marshall, Peter A. Cistulli

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 4/2019

Abstract

Purpose

Craniofacial structure is an important risk factor in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea. Most craniofacial imaging methods are not feasible for large-scale studies or the clinic. Craniofacial photography is a high-throughput technique for facial phenotyping; however, derived measurements are a composite of skeletal and soft tissue craniofacial information. Weight change is a paradigm to help determine which facial measurements most relate to regional soft tissue (i.e. change with weight) versus skeletal structure (i.e. stable with weight changes). We aimed to assess the association between weight change and changes in key facial measurements from facial photography.

Methods

Calibrated frontal and profile photographs were taken of participants in weight loss studies (N = 106). Univariate linear regression was used to assess whether weight change explained changes in facial dimensions.

Results

Patients lost 11.7 ± 10.8 kg body weight and 2.0 ± 2.0 cm of neck circumference. Weight changes influenced face width (r = 0.3, p < 0.001), mandibular width (r = 0.4, p < 0.001) and cervicomental angle (r = 0.3, p = 0.001). Facial angles, facial heights and mandibular length were not influenced by weight change.

Conclusions

A weight loss paradigm suggests that face and mandibular width and cervicomental angle most strongly reflect regional adiposity. Facial angles and heights are insensitive to weight change and could be more representative of craniofacial skeletal structure. This study informs the interpretation of facial phenotype assessed by this craniofacial photographic method which can be applied to future studies of craniofacial phenotype in OSA.

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Title: Parsing the craniofacial phenotype: effect of weight change in an obstructive sleep apnoea population
Authors: Kate Sutherland
Julia L. Chapman
Elizabeth A. Cayanan
Aimee B. Lowth
Keith K. H. Wong
Brendon J. Yee
Ronald R. Grunstein
Nathaniel S. Marshall
Peter A. Cistulli
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Published in: Sleep and Breathing / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-019-01826-2

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Parsing the craniofacial phenotype: effect of weight change in an obstructive sleep apnoea population

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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