Cross-sectional imaging of congenital pulmonary artery anomalies

Congenital pulmonary artery (PA) anomalies comprise a rare and heterogeneous spectrum of disease, ranging from abnormal origins to complete atresia. They may present in early infancy or more insidiously in adulthood, often in association with congenital heart disease such as tetralogy of Fallot or other syndromes. In recent years, cross-sectional imaging, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has become widely utilized for the noninvasive assessment of congenital PA diseases, supplementing echocardiography and at times supplanting invasive angiography. In this article, modern CT and MRI techniques for imaging congenital PA disorders are summarized. The key clinical features, cross-sectional imaging findings, and treatment options for the most commonly encountered entities are then reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the ever-growing role of cross-sectional imaging options in facilitating early and accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.