Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

ACC 2024 Congress

Catch up on all the top stories and latest evidence in cardiology research with our ACC 2024 Congress hub page.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine
Published in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 2/2020

Open Access 01-04-2020 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Review

Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei

Authors: Geoffrey J. Topping, Christian Hundshammer, Luca Nagel, Martin Grashei, Maximilian Aigner, Jason G. Skinner, Rolf F. Schulte, Franz Schilling

Published in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine | Issue 2/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.
Literature
1.
2.
Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Fridlund B, Gram A, Hansson G, Hansson L, Lerche MH, Servin R, Thaning M, Golman K (2003) Increase in signal-to-noise ratio of > 10,000 times in liquid-state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:10158–10163CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Goodson BM (2002) Nuclear magnetic resonance of laser-polarized noble gases in molecules, materials, and organisms. J Magn Reson 155(2):157–216CrossRefPubMed
4.
5.
Gallagher FA, Kettunen MI, Day SE, Hu DE, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Zandt R, Jensen PR, Karlsson M, Golman K, Lerche MH, Brindle KM (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging of pH in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled bicarbonate. Nature 453(7197):940–943CrossRefPubMed
6.
Gallagher FA, Kettunen MI, Hu DE, Jensen PR, Zandt RI, Karlsson M, Gisselsson A, Nelson SK, Witney TH, Bohndiek SE, Hansson G, Peitersen T, Lerche MH, Brindle KM (2009) Production of hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]malate from [1,4-13C2]fumarate is a marker of cell necrosis and treatment response in tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(47):19801–19806CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Keshari KR, Wilson DM (2014) Chemistry and biochemistry of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization. Chem Soc Rev 43(5):1627–1659CrossRefPubMed
8.
Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Bankson JA, Brindle K, Cunningham CH, Gallagher FA, Keshari KR, Kjaer A, Laustsen C, Mankoff DA, Merritt ME, Nelson SJ, Pauly JM, Lee P, Ronen S, Tyler DJ, Rajan SS, Spielman DM, Wald L, Zhang X, Malloy CR, Rizi R (2019) Hyperpolarized (13)C MRI: path to clinical translation in oncology. Neoplasia 21(1):1–16CrossRefPubMed
9.
Albert MS, Cates GD, Driehuys B, Happer W, Saam B, Springer CS, Wishnia A (1994) Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129Xe. Nature 370(6486):199–201CrossRefPubMed
10.
Middleton H, Black RD, Saam B, Cates GD, Cofer GP, Guenther R, Happer W, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA, Juvan K, Swartz J (1995) MR imaging with hyperpolarized 3He gas. Magn Reson Med 33(2):271–275CrossRefPubMed
11.
Salerno M, Altes TA, Brookeman JR, de Lange EE, Mugler JP III (2001) Dynamic spiral MRI of pulmonary gas flow using hyperpolarized 3He: preliminary studies in healthy and diseased lungs. Magn Reson Med 46:667–677CrossRefPubMed
12.
Chang YV, Quirk JD, Yablonskiy DA (2015) In vivo lung morphometry with accelerated hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI: a preliminary study. Magn Reson Med 73(4):1609–1614CrossRefPubMed
13.
Stewart NJ, Horn FC, Norquay G, Collier GJ, Yates DP, Lawson R, Marshall H, Wild JM (2017) Reproducibility of quantitative indices of lung function and microstructure from 129Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 77(6):2107–2113CrossRefPubMed
14.
Chan HF, Stewart NJ, Norquay G, Collier GJ, Wild JM (2018) 3D diffusion-weighted 129Xe MRI for whole lung morphometry. Magn Reson Med 79(6):2986–2995CrossRefPubMed
15.
Ruppert K, Qing K, Patrie JT, Altes TA, Mugler JP 3rd (2018) Using hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI to quantify early-stage lung disease in smokers. Acad Radiol 26(3):355–366CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Couch MJ, Thomen R, Kanhere N, Hu R, Ratjen F, Woods J, Santyr G (2019) A two-center analysis of hyperpolarized 129Xe lung MRI in stable pediatric cystic fibrosis: potential as a biomarker for multi-site trials. J Cyst Fibros 18(5):728–733CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Quirk JD, Sukstanskii AL, Woods JC, Lutey BA, Conradi MS, Gierada DS, Yusen RD, Castro M, Yablonskiy DA (2016) Experimental evidence of age-related adaptive changes in human acinar airways. J Appl Physiol 120(2):159–165CrossRefPubMed
18.
Hirsch ML, Kalechofsky N, Belzer A, Rosay M, Kempf JG (2015) Brute-force hyperpolarization for NMR and MRI. J Am Chem Soc 137(26):8428–8434CrossRefPubMed
19.
Hirsch ML, Smith BA, Mattingly M, Goloshevsky AG, Rosay M, Kempf JG (2015) Transport and imaging of brute-force C-13 hyperpolarization. J Magn Reson 261:87–94CrossRefPubMed
20.
Cleveland ZI, Pavlovskaya GE, Elkins ND, Stupic KF, Repine JE, Meersmann T (2008) Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs. J Magn Reson 195(2):232–237CrossRefPubMed
21.
Wolber J, McIntyre DJO, Rodrigues LM, Carnochan P, Griffiths JR, Leach MO, Bifone A (2001) In vivo hyperpolarized Xe129 NMR spectroscopy in tumors. Magn Reson Med 46:586–591CrossRefPubMed
22.
Bowers CR, Weitekamp DP (1998) Nuclear magnetic resonance by measuring reaction yield of spin symmetry species. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 11(1–2):123–128CrossRefPubMed
23.
Schmidt AB, Berner S, Schimpf W, Muller C, Lickert T, Schwaderlapp N, Knecht S, Skinner JG, Dost A, Rovedo P, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D, Hovener JB (2017) Liquid-state carbon-13 hyperpolarization generated in an MRI system for fast imaging. Nat Commun 8:14535CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Adams RW, Aguilar JA, Atkinson KD, Cowley MJ, Elliott PI, Duckett SB, Green GG, Khazal IG, Lopez-Serrano J, Williamson DC (2009) Reversible interactions with para-hydrogen enhance NMR sensitivity by polarization transfer. Science 323(5922):1708–1711CrossRefPubMed
25.
von Morze C, Ohliger MA, Marco-Rius I, Wilson DM, Flavell RR, Pearce D, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Wang ZJ (2018) Direct assessment of renal mitochondrial redox state using hyperpolarized 13C-acetoacetate. Magn Reson Med 79(4):1862–1869CrossRef
26.
Burns MJ, Rayner PJ, Green GG, Highton LA, Mewis RE, Duckett SB (2015) Improving the hyperpolarization of 31P nuclei by synthetic design. J Phys Chem B 119(15):5020–5027CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zhivonitko VV, Skovpin IV, Koptyug IV (2015) Strong 31P nuclear spin hyperpolarization produced via reversible chemical interaction with parahydrogen. Chem Commun (Camb) 51(13):2506–2509CrossRef
28.
van Heeswijk RB, Uffmann K, Comment A, Kurdzesau F, Perazzolo C, Cudalbu C, Jannin S, Konter JA, Hautle P, van den Brandt B, Navon G, van der Klink JJ, Gruetter R (2009) Hyperpolarized lithium-6 as a sensor of nanomolar contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 61(6):1489–1493CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Gabellieri C, Reynolds S, Lavie A, Payne GS, Leach MO, Eykyn TR (2008) Therapeutic target metabolism observed using hyperpolarized 15N choline. J Am Chem Soc 130:4598–4599CrossRefPubMed
30.
Lee Y, Zeng H, Ruedisser S, Gossert AD, Hilty C (2012) Nuclear magnetic resonance of hyperpolarized fluorine for characterization of protein-ligand interactions. J Am Chem Soc 134(42):17448–17451CrossRefPubMed
31.
Seo H, Choi I, Whiting N, Hu J, Luu QS, Pudakalakatti S, McCowan C, Kim Y, Zacharias N, Lee S, Bhattacharya P, Lee Y (2018) Hyperpolarized porous silicon nanoparticles: potential theragnostic material for 29Si magnetic resonance imaging. ChemPhysChem 19(17):2143–2147CrossRefPubMed
32.
Nardi-Schreiber A, Gamliel A, Harris T, Sapir G, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R (2017) Biochemical phosphates observed using hyperpolarized 31P in physiological aqueous solutions. Nat Commun 8(1):341CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Lumata L, Merritt ME, Hashami Z, Ratnakar SJ, Kovacs Z (2012) Production and NMR characterization of hyperpolarized 107,109Ag complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 51(2):525–527CrossRefPubMed
34.
35.
Sarkar R, Comment A, Vasos PR, Jannin S, Gruetter R, Bodenhausen G, Hall H, Kirik D, Denisov VP (2009) Proton NMR of 15N-choline metabolites enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization. J Am Chem Soc 131(44):16014–16015CrossRefPubMed
36.
Bifone A, Song Y-Q, Seydoux R, Taylor RE, Goodson BM, Pietrass T, Budinger TF, Navon G, Pines A (1996) NMR of laser-polarized xenon in human blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(23):12932–12936CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Goodson BM, Song Y-Q, Taylor RE, Schepkin VD, Brennan KM, Chingas GC, Budinger TF, Navon G, Pines A (1997) In vivo NMR and MRI using injection delivery of laser-polarized xenon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(26):14725–14729CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Schröder L, Lowery TJ, Hilty C, Wemmer DE, Pines A (2006) Molecular imaging using a targeted magnetic resonance hyperpolarized biosensor. Science 314:446–449CrossRefPubMed
39.
Darrasse L, Guillota G, Nacher P-J, Tastevin G (1997) Low-field 3He nuclear magnetic resonance in human lungs. Phys appliquee/Appl Phys 324(11):691–700
40.
Bidinosti CP, Choukeife J, Nacher P-J, Tastevin G (2003) In vivo NMR of hyperpolarized 3He in the human lung at very low magnetic fields. J Magn Reson 162(1):122–132CrossRefPubMed
41.
Bidinosti CP, Choukeife J, Tastevin G, Vignaud A, Nacher PJ (2004) MRI of the lung using hyperpolarized 3He at very low magnetic field (3 mT). MAGMA 16(6):255–258CrossRefPubMed
42.
Venkatesh AK, Zhang AX, Mansour J, Kubatina L, Oh C-H, Blasche G, Selim Ünlü M, Balamore D, Jolesz FA, Goldberg BB, Albert MS (2003) MRI of the lung gas-space at very low-field using hyperpolarized noble gases. Magn Reson Imaging 21(7):773–776CrossRefPubMed
43.
Coffey AM, Feldman MA, Shchepin RV, Barskiy DA, Truong ML, Pham W, Chekmenev EY (2017) High-resolution hyperpolarized in vivo metabolic 13C spectroscopy at low magnetic field (48.7 mT) following murine tail-vein injection. J Magn Reson 281:246–252CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Komlosi P, Altes TA, Qing K, Mooney KE, Miller GW, Mata JF, de Lange EE, Tobias WA, Cates GD Jr, Mugler JP 3rd (2017) Signal-to-noise ratio, T2, and T2* for hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI of the human lung at three magnetic field strengths. Magn Reson Med 78(4):1458–1463CrossRefPubMed
45.
Chattergoon N, Martinez-Santiesteban F, Handler WB, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Scholl TJ (2013) Field dependence of T1 for hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 8(1):57–62CrossRefPubMed
46.
Giraudeau P, Shrot Y, Frydman L (2009) Multiple ultrafast, broadband 2D NMR spectra of hyperpolarized natural products. J Am Chem Soc 131(39):13902–13903CrossRefPubMed
47.
Ladd ME, Bachert P, Meyerspeer M, Moser E, Nagel AM, Norris DG, Schmitter S, Speck O, Straub S, Zaiss M (2018) Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 109:1–50CrossRefPubMed
48.
Goluch S, Frass-Kriegl R, Meyerspeer M, Pichler M, Sieg J, Gajdosik M, Krssak M, Laistler E (2018) Proton-decoupled carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human calf muscles at 7 T using a multi-channel radiofrequency coil. Sci Rep 8(1):6211CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Miloushev VZ, Di Gialleonardo V, Salamanca-Cardona L, Correa F, Granlund KL, Keshari KR (2017) Hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate mouse brain metabolism with absorptive-mode EPSI at 1 T. J Magn Reson 275:120–126CrossRefPubMed
50.
Düwel S, Hundshammer C, Gersch M, Feuerecker B, Steiger K, Buck A, Walch A, Haase A, Glaser SJ, Schwaiger M, Schilling F (2017) Imaging of pH in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled zymonic acid. Nat Commun 8:15126CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Black RD, Early TA, Roemer PB, Mueller OM, Mogro-Campero A, Turner LG, Johnson GA (1993) A high-temperature superconducting receiver for nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy. Science 5096(259):793–795CrossRef
52.
Sanchez-Heredia JD, Szocska Hansen ES, Laustsen C, Zhurbenko V, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2017) Low-noise active decoupling circuit and its application to 13C cryogenic RF coils at 3 T. Tomography 3(1):60–66CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Derby K, Tropp J, Hawryszko C (1990) Design and evaluation of a novel dual-tuned resonator for spectroscopic imaging. J Magn Reson 86:645–651
54.
Hurd RE, Yen YF, Tropp J, Pfefferbaum A, Spielman DM, Mayer D (2010) Cerebral dynamics and metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate using time-resolved MR spectroscopic imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 30(10):1734–1741CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Meyerspeer M, Seres Roig E, Gruetter R, Magill AW (2014) An improved trap design for decoupling multinuclear RF coils. Magn Reson Med 72(2):584–590CrossRefPubMed
56.
Cao P, Zhang X, Park I, Najac C, Nelson SJ, Ronen S, Larson PE (2016) 1H–13C independently tuned radiofrequency surface coil applied for in vivo hyperpolarized MRI. Magn Reson Med 76(5):1612–1620CrossRefPubMed
57.
58.
Han S-D, Heo P, Kim H-J, Song H, Kim D, Seo J-H, Ryu Y, Noh Y, Kim K-N (2017) Double-layered dual-tuned RF coil using frequency-selectable PIN-diode control at 7 T MRI. Concepts Magn Reson Part B: Magn Reson Eng 47(4):e21363CrossRef
59.
Seres Roig E, Magill AW, Donati G, Meyerspeer M, Xin L, Ipek O, Gruetter R (2015) A double-quadrature radiofrequency coil design for proton-decoupled carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 73(2):894–900CrossRefPubMed
60.
Girault FM, Sonnay S, Gruetter R, Duarte JMN (2019) Alterations of brain energy metabolism in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats measured in vivo by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurotox Res 36:268–278CrossRefPubMed
61.
Wang C, Li Y, Wu B, Xu D, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, Zhang X (2012) A practical multinuclear transceiver volume coil for in vivo MRI/MRS at 7 T. Magn Reson Imaging 30(1):78–84CrossRefPubMed
62.
Horn FC, Rao M, Stewart NJ, Wild JM (2017) Multiple breath washout of hyperpolarized 129Xe and 3He in human lungs with three-dimensional balanced steady-state free-precession imaging. Magn Reson Med 77(6):2288–2295CrossRefPubMed
63.
Hansen RB, Gutte H, Larsen MME, Kristensen AT, Kjær A, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Hansen AE (2017) Characterization and flip angle calibration of 13C surface coils for hyperpolarization studies. Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med
64.
von Morze C, Tropp J, Chen AP, Marco-Rius I, Van Criekinge M, Skloss TW, Mammoli D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Ohliger MA, Merritt ME (2017) Sensitivity enhancement for detection of hyperpolarized 13C MRI probes with 1H spin coupling introduced by enzymatic transformation in vivo. Magn Reson Med 80(1):36–41CrossRef
65.
Day SE, Kettunen MI, Gallagher FA, Hu DE, Lerche M, Wolber J, Golman K, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Brindle KM (2007) Detecting tumor response to treatment using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Nat Med 13(11):1382–1387CrossRefPubMed
66.
Schulte RF, Sperl JI, Weidl E, Menzel MI, Janich MA, Khegai O, Durst M, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Glaser SJ, Haase A, Schwaiger M, Wiesinger F (2013) Saturation-recovery metabolic-exchange rate imaging with hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate using spectral-spatial excitation. Magn Reson Med 69(5):1209–1216CrossRefPubMed
67.
Patrick PS, Kettunen MI, Tee SS, Rodrigues TB, Serrao E, Timm KN, McGuire S, Brindle KM (2015) Detection of transgene expression using hyperpolarized 13C urea and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 73(4):1401–1406CrossRefPubMed
68.
Park JM, Josan S, Jang T, Merchant M, Watkins R, Hurd RE, Recht LD, Mayer D, Spielman DM (2016) Volumetric spiral chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate in a rat c6 glioma model. Magn Reson Med 75(3):973–984CrossRefPubMed
69.
70.
Lau AZ, Chen AP, Ghugre NR, Ramanan V, Lam WW, Connelly KA, Wright GA, Cunningham CH (2010) Rapid multislice imaging of hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate and bicarbonate in the heart. Magn Reson Med 64(5):1323–1331CrossRefPubMed
71.
Schroeder MA, Clarke K, Neubauer S, Tyler DJ (2011) Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance: a novel technique for the in vivo assessment of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 124(14):1580–1594CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Lau AZ, Chen AP, Hurd RE, Cunningham CH (2011) Spectral-spatial excitation for rapid imaging of DNP compounds. NMR Biomed 24(8):988–996CrossRefPubMed
73.
Lau AZ, Chen AP, Cunningham CH (2012) Integrated Bloch-Siegert B1 mapping and multislice imaging of hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate and bicarbonate in the heart. Magn Reson Med 67(1):62–71CrossRefPubMed
74.
Weiss K, Sigfridsson A, Wissmann L, Busch J, Batel M, Krajewski M, Ernst M, Kozerke S (2013) Accelerating hyperpolarized metabolic imaging of the heart by exploiting spatiotemporal correlations. NMR Biomed 26(11):1380–1386CrossRefPubMed
75.
Lau AZ, Miller JJ, Tyler DJ (2017) Mapping of intracellular pH in the in vivo rodent heart using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 77(5):1810–1817CrossRefPubMed
76.
Cunningham CH, Lau JY, Chen AP, Geraghty BJ, Perks WJ, Roifman I, Wright GA, Connelly KA (2016) Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic MRI of the human heart: initial experience. Circ Res 119(11):1177–1182CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Tropp J, Calderon P, Carvajal L, Karpodinis K, Chen A, Vigneron D, Hurd R, Ardenkjaer-Larsen J-H (2006) An endorectal dual frequency 13C-1H receive only probe for operation at 3.0 tesla. In: ISMRM 14th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2006. The International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, p 2594
78.
Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Larson PE, Harzstark AL, Ferrone M, van Criekinge M, Chang JW, Bok R, Park I, Reed G, Carvajal L, Small EJ, Munster P, Weinberg VK, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Chen AP, Hurd RE, Odegardstuen LI, Robb FJ, Tropp J, Murray JA (2013) Metabolic imaging of patients with prostate cancer using hyperpolarized [1-(1)(3)C]pyruvate. Sci Transl Med 5(198):198CrossRef
79.
Chen HY, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Ferrone M, van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Cao P, Pauly JM, Kerr AB, Park I, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Munster PN, Aggarwal R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2018) Technique development of 3D dynamic CS-EPSI for hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate MR molecular imaging of human prostate cancer. Magn Reson Med 80(5):2062–2072CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Gordon JW, Chen HY, Autry A, Park I, Van Criekinge M, Mammoli D, Milshteyn E, Bok R, Xu D, Li Y, Aggarwal R, Chang S, Slater JB, Ferrone M, Nelson S, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB (2019) Translation of carbon-13 EPI for hyperpolarized MR molecular imaging of prostate and brain cancer patients. Magn Reson Med 81(4):2702–2709CrossRefPubMed
81.
Derby K, Tropp J, Hawryszko C (1990) Design and evaluation of a novel dual-tuned resonator for spectroscopic imaging. J Magn Reson 86(3):645–651
82.
Chen AP, Albers MJ, Cunningham CH, Kohler SJ, Yen YF, Hurd RE, Tropp J, Bok R, Pauly JM, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2007) Hyperpolarized C-13 spectroscopic imaging of the TRAMP mouse at 3 T—initial experience. Magn Reson Med 58(6):1099–1106CrossRefPubMed
83.
Arunachalam A, Whitt D, Fish K, Giaquinto R, Piel J, Watkins R, Hancu I (2009) Accelerated spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized C-13 pyruvate using SENSE parallel imaging. NMR Biomed 22(8):867–873CrossRefPubMed
84.
Ohliger MA, Larson PE, Bok RA, Shin P, Hu S, Tropp J, Robb F, Carvajal L, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2013) Combined parallel and partial fourier MR reconstruction for accelerated 8-channel hyperpolarized carbon-13 in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). J Magn Reson Imaging 38(3):701–713CrossRefPubMed
85.
Lau JYC, Geraghty BJ, Chen AP, Cunningham CH (2018) Improved tolerance to off-resonance in spectral-spatial EPI of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and metabolites. Magn Reson Med 80(3):925–934CrossRefPubMed
86.
Shin PJ, Larson PE, Uecker M, Reed GD, Kerr AB, Tropp J, Ohliger MA, Nelson SJ, Pauly JM, Lustig M, Vigneron DB (2015) Chemical shift separation with controlled aliasing for hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging. Magn Reson Med 74(4):978–989CrossRefPubMed
87.
Dregely I, Ruset IC, Wiggins G, Mareyam A, Mugler JP 3rd, Altes TA, Meyer C, Ruppert K, Wald LL, Hersman FW (2013) 32-channel phased-array receive with asymmetric birdcage transmit coil for hyperpolarized xenon-129 lung imaging. Magn Reson Med 70(2):576–583CrossRefPubMed
88.
Dominguez-Viqueira W, Lau AZ, Chen AP, Cunningham CH (2013) Multichannel receiver coils for improved coverage in cardiac metabolic imaging using prepolarized 13C substrates. Magn Reson Med 70(1):295–300CrossRefPubMed
89.
Sanchez JD, Johansen DH, Baron RA, Schneider M, Spörl G, Wosik J, Zhurbenko V, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH (2018) Threefold SNR enhancement of small animal 13C MRI using a cryogenically cooled (88 K) RF coil. In: Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB 2018, Paris, France, p 1744
90.
Prammer MG, Haselgrove JC, Shinnar M, Leigh JS (1988) A new approach to automatic shimming. J Magn Reson 77(1):40–52
91.
Webb P, Macovski A (1991) Rapid, fully automatic, arbitrary-volume in vivo shimming. Magn Reson Med 20:113–122CrossRefPubMed
92.
Maudsley AA, Simon HF, Hila SK (1984) Magnetic field measurement by NMR imaging. J Phys E: Sci Instrum 17:216–220CrossRef
93.
Duyn JH, Yang Y, Frank JA, van der Veen JW (1998) Simple correction method for k-space trajectory deviations in MRI. J Magn Reson 132:150–153CrossRefPubMed
94.
Zhang Y, Hetherington HP, Stokely EM, Mason GF, Twieg DB (1998) A novel k-space trajectory measurement technique. Magn Reson Med 39:999–1004CrossRefPubMed
95.
Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Larson PE (2017) Development of a symmetric echo planar imaging framework for clinical translation of rapid dynamic hyperpolarized (13) C imaging. Magn Reson Med 77(2):826–832CrossRefPubMed
96.
Hancu I, Watkins R, Kohler SJ, Mallozzi RP (2007) Accurate flip-angle calibration for 13C MRI. Magn Reson Med 58(1):128–133CrossRefPubMed
97.
Wang J, Qiu M, Kim H, Constable RT (2006) T1 measurements incorporating flip angle calibration and correction in vivo. J Magn Reson 182(2):283–292CrossRefPubMed
98.
Ouriadov AV, Lam WW, Santyr GE (2009) Rapid 3-D mapping of hyperpolarized 3He spin-lattice relaxation times using variable flip angle gradient echo imaging with application to alveolar oxygen partial pressure measurement in rat lungs. MAGMA 22(5):309–318CrossRefPubMed
99.
Silver MS, Joseph RI, Hoult DI (1984) Highly selective Pi/2 and Pi pulse generation. J Magn Reson 59:347–351
100.
Insko EK, Bolinger L (1993) Mapping of the radiofrequency field. J Magn Reson Ser A 103(1):82–85CrossRef
101.
Jiru F, Klose U (2006) Fast 3D radiofrequency field mapping using echo-planar imaging. Magn Reson Med 56(6):1375–1379CrossRefPubMed
102.
Dowell NG, Tofts PS (2007) Fast, accurate, and precise mapping of the RF field in vivo using the 180° signal null. Magn Reson Med 58(3):622–630CrossRefPubMed
103.
Yarnykh VL (2007) Actual flip-angle imaging in the pulsed steady state: a method for rapid three-dimensional mapping of the transmitted radiofrequency field. Magn Reson Med 57(1):192–200CrossRefPubMed
104.
105.
Giovannetti G, Frijia F, Flori A, De Marchi D, Aquaro GD, Menichetti L, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2015) A fast and simple method for calibrating the flip angle in hyperpolarized 13C MRS experiments. Concepts Magn Reson Part B: Magn Reson Eng 45(2):78–84CrossRef
106.
Möller H, Chawla M, Chen XJ, Driehuys B, Hedlund LW, Wheeler CT, Johnson GA (1999) Magnetic resonance angiography with hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in a lipid emulsion. Magn Reson Med 41:1058–1064CrossRefPubMed
107.
Reed GD, von Morze C, Bok R, Koelsch BL, Van Criekinge M, Smith KJ, Hong S, Larson PE, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2014) High resolution 13C MRI with hyperpolarized urea: in vivo T2 mapping and 15N labeling effects. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 33(2):362–371CrossRefPubMed
108.
Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Reed GD, Shang H, Shin PJ, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB (2018) Using a local low rank plus sparse reconstruction to accelerate dynamic hyperpolarized 13C imaging using the bSSFP sequence. J Magn Reson 290:46–59CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
109.
Pruessmann KP, Weiger M, Scheidegger MB, Boesiger P (1999) SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med 42:952–962CrossRefPubMed
110.
Tropp J, Lupo JM, Chen A, Calderon P, McCune D, Grafendorfer T, Ozturk-Isik E, Larson PE, Hu S, Yen YF, Robb F, Bok R, Schulte R, Xu D, Hurd R, Vigneron D, Nelson S (2011) Multi-channel metabolic imaging, with SENSE reconstruction, of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] pyruvate in a live rat at 30 tesla on a clinical MR scanner. J Magn Reson 208(1):171–177CrossRefPubMed
111.
Grist JT, McLean MA, Riemer F, Schulte RF, Deen SS, Zaccagna F, Woitek R, Daniels CJ, Kaggie JD, Matys T, Patterson I, Slough R, Gill AB, Chhabra A, Eichenberger R, Laurent MC, Comment A, Gillard JH, Coles AJ, Tyler DJ, Wilkinson I, Basu B, Lomas DJ, Graves MJ, Brindle KM, Gallagher FA (2019) Quantifying normal human brain metabolism using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage 189:171–179CrossRefPubMed
112.
Schulte RF, Sacolick L, Deppe MH, Janich MA, Schwaiger M, Wild JM, Wiesinger F (2011) Transmit gain calibration for nonproton MR using the Bloch–Siegert shift. NMR Biomed 24(9):1068–1072CrossRefPubMed
113.
Bashir A, Conradi MS, Woods JC, Quirk JD, Yablonskiy DA (2009) Calibration of RF transmitter voltages for hyperpolarized gas MRI. Magn Reson Med 61(1):239–243CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
114.
Rivoire J, Terekhov M, Meise FM, Gast K, Salhi Z, Schreiber LM (2011) Flip-angle measurement by magnetization inversion: calibration of magnetization nutation angle in hyperpolarized (3)He magnetic resonance imaging lung experiments. Magn Reson Med 65(2):399–408CrossRefPubMed
115.
Marshall H, Ajraoui S, Deppe MH, Parra-Robles J, Wild JM (2012) K-space filter deconvolution and flip angle self-calibration in 2D radial hyperpolarised 3He lung MRI. NMR Biomed 25(2):389–399CrossRefPubMed
116.
Puckeridge M, Pages G, Kuchel PW (2012) Simultaneous estimation of T1 and the flip angle in hyperpolarized NMR experiments using acquisition at non-regular time intervals. J Magn Reson 222:68–73CrossRefPubMed
117.
118.
Bloch F, Siegert A (1940) Magnetic resonance for nonrotating fields. Phys Rev 57(6):522–527CrossRef
119.
Tang S, Milshteyn E, Reed G, Gordon J, Bok R, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ (2019) A regional bolus tracking and real-time B1 calibration method for hyperpolarized (13)C MRI. Magn Reson Med 81(2):839–851CrossRefPubMed
120.
Norquay G, Leung G, Stewart NJ, Tozer GM, Wolber J, Wild JM (2015) Relaxation and exchange dynamics of hyperpolarized 129Xe in human blood. Magn Reson Med 74(2):303–311CrossRefPubMed
121.
Raftery D, Long H, Meersmann T, Grandinetti PJ, Reven L, Pines A (1991) High-field NMR of adsorbed xenon polarized by laser pumping. Phys Rev Lett 66(5):584–587CrossRefPubMed
122.
123.
Chen X, Möller H, Chawla MS, Cofer GP, Driehuys B, Hedlund LW, MacFall JR, Johnson GA (1999) Spatially resolved measurements of hyperpolarized gas properties in the lung in vivo. Part II: T2*. Magn Reson Med 42:729–737CrossRefPubMed
124.
Swanson SD, Rosen MS, Coulter KP, Welsh RC, Chupp TE (1999) Distribution and dynamics of laser-polarized 129Xe magnetization in vivo. Magn Reson Med 42:1137–1145CrossRefPubMed
125.
Wiesinger F, Weidl E, Menzel MI, Janich MA, Khegai O, Glaser SJ, Haase A, Schwaiger M, Schulte RF (2012) IDEAL spiral CSI for dynamic metabolic MR imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 68(1):8–16CrossRefPubMed
126.
Scroggins BT, Matsuo M, White AO, Saito K, Munasinghe JP, Sourbier C, Yamamoto K, Diaz V, Takakusagi Y, Ichikawa K, Mitchell JB, Krishna MC, Citrin DE (2018) Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer in vivo predicts efficacy of targeting the warburg effect. Clin Cancer Res 24(13):3137–3148CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
127.
Wehrli FW, Perkins TG, Shimakawa A, Roberts F (1987) Chemical shift-induced amplitude modulations in images obtained with gradient refocusing. Magn Reson Imaging 5(2):157–158CrossRefPubMed
128.
Cunningham CH, Chen AP, Albers MJ, Kurhanewicz J, Hurd RE, Yen YF, Pauly JM, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB (2007) Double spin-echo sequence for rapid spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized 13C. J Magn Reson 187(2):357–362CrossRefPubMed
129.
Mulkern RV, Paynch LP (2001) Echo planar spectroscopic imaging. Concepts Magn Reson 13(4):213–237CrossRef
130.
Yen YF, Kohler SJ, Chen AP, Tropp J, Bok R, Wolber J, Albers MJ, Gram KA, Zierhut ML, Park I, Zhang V, Hu S, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Dirven HA, Hurd RE (2009) Imaging considerations for in vivo 13C metabolic mapping using hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 62(1):1–10CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
131.
Mayer D, Levin YS, Hurd RE, Glover GH, Spielman DM (2006) Fast metabolic imaging of systems with sparse spectra: application for hyperpolarized 13C imaging. Magn Reson Med 56(4):932–937CrossRefPubMed
132.
Reeder SB, Brittain JH, Grist TM, Yen Y-F (2007) Least-squares chemical shift separation for 13C metabolic imaging
133.
Levin YS, Mayer D, Yen YF, Hurd RE, Spielman DM (2007) Optimization of fast spiral chemical shift imaging using least squares reconstruction: application for hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging. Magn Reson Med 58:245–252CrossRefPubMed
134.
Leupold J, Wieben O, Mansson S, Speck O, Scheffler K, Petersson JS, Hennig J (2006) Fast chemical shift mapping with multiecho balanced SSFP. MAGMA 19(5):267–273CrossRefPubMed
135.
Reeder SB, Wen Z, Yu H, Pineda AR, Gold GE, Markl M, Pelc NJ (2004) Multicoil dixon chemical species separation with an iterative least-squares estimation method. Magn Reson Med 51(1):35–45CrossRefPubMed
136.
Reed GD, Larson PE, Morze C, Bok R, Lustig M, Kerr AB, Pauly JM, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2012) A method for simultaneous echo planar imaging of hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate and 13C lactate. J Magn Reson 217:41–47CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
137.
Wagshul ME, Button TM, Li HF, Liang Z, Springer CS, Zhong K, Wishnia A (1996) In Vivo MR imaging and spectroscopy using hyperpolarized 129Xe. Magn Reson Med 36:183–191CrossRefPubMed
138.
Kettunen MI, Hu DE, Witney TH, McLaughlin R, Gallagher FA, Bohndiek SE, Day SE, Brindle KM (2010) Magnetization transfer measurements of exchange between hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]lactate in a murine lymphoma. Magn Reson Med 63(4):872–880CrossRefPubMed
139.
Cunningham CH, Chen AP, Lustig M, Hargreaves BA, Lupo J, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Hurd RE, Pauly JM, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB (2008) Pulse sequence for dynamic volumetric imaging of hyperpolarized metabolic products. J Magn Reson 193(1):139–146CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
140.
Larson PEZ, Kerr AB, Chen AP, Lustig MS, Zierhut ML, Hu S, Cunningham CH, Pauly JM, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2008) Multiband excitation pulses for hyperpolarized 13C dynamic chemical-shift imaging. J Magn Reson 194(1):121–127CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
141.
Sigfridsson A, Weiss K, Wissmann L, Busch J, Krajewski M, Batel M, Batsios G, Ernst M, Kozerke S (2015) Hybrid multiband excitation multiecho acquisition for hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 73(5):1713–1717CrossRefPubMed
142.
Schmidt R, Frydman L (2013) In vivo 3D spatial/1D spectral imaging by spatiotemporal encoding: a new single-shot experimental and processing approach. Magn Reson Med 70(2):382–391CrossRefPubMed
143.
Schmidt R, Laustsen C, Dumez JN, Kettunen MI, Serrao EM, Marco-Rius I, Brindle KM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Frydman L (2014) In vivo single-shot 13C spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized metabolites by spatiotemporal encoding. J Magn Reson 240:8–15CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
144.
Tal A, Frydman L (2010) Single-scan multidimensional magnetic resonance. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 57(3):241–292CrossRefPubMed
145.
146.
Saam B, Yablonskiy DA, Gierada DS, Conradi MS (1999) Rapid imaging of hyperpolarized gas using EPI. Magn Reson Med 42:507–514CrossRefPubMed
147.
Chawla MS, Chen XJ, Cofer GP, Hedlund LW, Kerby MB, Ottoboni TB, Johnson GA (2000) Hyperpolarized 3He microspheres as a novel vascular signal source for MRI. Magn Reson Med 43:440–445CrossRefPubMed
148.
Wild JM, Paley MNJ, Viallon M, Schreiber WG, van Beek EJR, Griffiths PD (2002) K-Space filtering in 2D gradient-echo breath-hold hyperpolarized 3He MRI: spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio considerations. Magn Reson Med 47(4):687–695CrossRefPubMed
149.
Golman K, Axelsson O, Jóhannesson H, Månsson S, Olofsson C, Petersson JS (2001) Parahydrogen-induced polarization in imaging: subsecond 13C angiography. Magn Reson Med 46:1–5CrossRefPubMed
150.
Svensson J, Mansson S, Johansson E, Petersson JS, Olsson LE (2003) Hyperpolarized 13C MR angiography using true FISP. Magn Reson Med 50(2):256–262CrossRefPubMed
151.
Garroway AN, Grannellx PK, Mansfield P (1974) Image formation in NMR by a selective irradiative process. J Phys C: Solid State Phys 7:L457CrossRef
152.
153.
Spielman DM, Mayer D, Yen YF, Tropp J, Hurd RE, Pfefferbaum A (2009) In vivo measurement of ethanol metabolism in the rat liver using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 62(2):307–313CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
154.
Granot J (1986) Selected volume spectroscopy (SVS) and chemical-shift imaging: a comparison. J Magn Reson 66:197–200
155.
Chen AP, Cunningham CH (2015) Single voxel localization for dynamic hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 258:81–85CrossRefPubMed
156.
Choi I-Y, Tkác I, Gruetter R (2000) Single-shot, three-dimensional “non-echo” localization method for in vivo NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 44:387–394CrossRefPubMed
157.
Mishkovsky M, Cheng T, Comment A, Gruetter R (2012) Localized in vivo hyperpolarization transfer sequences. Magn Reson Med 68(2):349–352CrossRefPubMed
158.
Hu S, Lustig M, Chen AP, Crane J, Kerr A, Kelley DA, Hurd R, Kurhanewicz J, Nelson SJ, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB (2008) Compressed sensing for resolution enhancement of hyperpolarized 13C flyback 3D-MRSI. J Magn Reson 192(2):258–264CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
159.
Hu S, Lustig M, Balakrishnan A, Larson PE, Bok R, Kurhanewicz J, Nelson SJ, Goga A, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB (2010) 3D compressed sensing for highly accelerated hyperpolarized 13C MRSI with in vivo applications to transgenic mouse models of cancer. Magn Reson Med 63(2):312–321CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
160.
161.
Matsui S, Sekihara K, Kohno H (1985) High-Speed spatially resolved high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 107(9):2817–2818CrossRef
162.
Miller JJ, Lau AZ, Tyler DJ (2018) Susceptibility-induced distortion correction in hyperpolarized echo planar imaging. Magn Reson Med 79(4):2135–2141CrossRefPubMed
163.
164.
Peterson P, Månsson S (2014) Fat quantification using multiecho sequences with bipolar gradients: investigation of accuracy and noise performance. Magn Reson Med 71(1):219–229CrossRefPubMed
165.
Feinberg DA, Turner R, Jakab PD, Mv Kienlin (1990) Echo-planar imaging with asymmetric gradient modulation and inner-volume excitation. Magn Reson Med 13:162–169CrossRefPubMed
166.
Cunningham CH, Vigneron DB, Chen AP, Xu D, Nelson SJ, Hurd RE, Kelley DA, Pauly JM (2005) Design of flyback echo-planar readout gradients for magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 54(5):1286–1289CrossRefPubMed
167.
Golman K, Petersson JS, Magnusson P, Johansson E, Akeson P, Chai CM, Hansson G, Mansson S (2008) Cardiac metabolism measured noninvasively by hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Magn Reson Med 59(5):1005–1013CrossRefPubMed
168.
Adalsteinsson E, Irarrazabal P, Topp S, Meyer C, Macovski A, Spielman D (1998) Volumetric spectroscopic imaging with spiral-based k-space trajectories. Magn Reson Med 39(6):889–898CrossRefPubMed
169.
170.
171.
Wild JM, Paley MN, Kasuboski L, Swift A, Fichele S, Woodhouse N, Griffiths PD, van Beek EJ (2003) Dynamic radial projection MRI of inhaled hyperpolarized 3He gas. Magn Reson Med 49(6):991–997CrossRefPubMed
172.
Dupuich D, Berthezene Y, Clouet PL, Stupar V, Canet E, Cremillieux Y (2003) Dynamic 3He imaging for quantification of regional lung ventilation parameters. Magn Reson Med 50(4):777–783CrossRefPubMed
173.
Koumellis P, van Beek EJ, Woodhouse N, Fichele S, Swift AJ, Paley MN, Hill C, Taylor CJ, Wild JM (2005) Quantitative analysis of regional airways obstruction using dynamic hyperpolarized 3He MRI-preliminary results in children with cystic fibrosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 22(3):420–426CrossRefPubMed
174.
Mosbah K, Cremillieux Y, Adeleine P, Dupuich D, Stupar V, Nemoz C, Canet E, Berthezene Y (2006) Quantitative measurements of regional lung ventilation using helium-3 MRI in a methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction model. J Magn Reson Imaging 24(3):611–616CrossRefPubMed
175.
Ramirez MS, Lee J, Walker CM, Sandulache VC, Hennel F, Lai SY, Bankson JA (2014) Radial spectroscopic MRI of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate at 7 tesla. Magn Reson Med 72(4):986–995CrossRefPubMed
176.
Wu HH, Lee JH, Nishimura DG (2008) MRI using a concentric rings trajectory. Magn Reson Med 59(1):102–112CrossRefPubMed
177.
Jiang W, Lustig M, Larson PE (2016) Concentric rings k-space trajectory for hyperpolarized (13)C MR spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 75(1):19–31CrossRefPubMed
178.
Larson PEZ, Hu S, Lustig M, Kerr AB, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB (2011) Fast dynamic 3D MR spectroscopic imaging with compressed sensing and multiband excitation pulses for hyperpolarized 13C studies. Magn Reson Med 65(3):610–619CrossRefPubMed
179.
Cao P, Shin PJ, Park I, Najac C, Marco-Rius I, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ, Ronen SM, Larson PE (2016) Accelerated high-bandwidth MR spectroscopic imaging using compressed sensing. Magn Reson Med 76(2):369–379CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
180.
181.
Larson PEZ, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Korn N, Maidens J, Arcak M, Tang S, Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Mammoli D, Bok R, Aggarwal R, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2018) Investigation of analysis methods for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate metabolic MRI in prostate cancer patients. NMR Biomed 31(11):e3997CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
182.
Pedersen H, Kozerke S, Ringgaard S, Nehrke K, Kim WY (2009) k–t PCA: temporally constrained k–t BLAST reconstruction using principal component analysis. Magn Reson Med 62(3):706–716CrossRefPubMed
183.
Wespi P, Steinhauser J, Kwiatkowski G, Kozerke S (2018) High-resolution hyperpolarized metabolic imaging of the rat heart using k–t PCA and k–t SPARSE. NMR Biomed 31(2):e3876CrossRef
184.
Griswold MA, Jakob PM, Heidemann RM, Nittka M, Jellus V, Wang J, Kiefer B, Haase A (2002) Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA). Magn Reson Med 47(6):1202–1210CrossRefPubMed
185.
Shin PJ, Larson PE, Ohliger MA, Elad M, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB, Lustig M (2014) Calibrationless parallel imaging reconstruction based on structured low-rank matrix completion. Magn Reson Med 72(4):959–970CrossRefPubMed
186.
Feng Y, Gordon JW, Shin PJ, von Morze C, Lustig M, Larson PEZ, Ohliger MA, Carvajal L, Tropp J, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB (2016) Development and testing of hyperpolarized 13C MR calibrationless parallel imaging. J Magn Reson 262:1–7CrossRefPubMed
187.
Gordon JW, Hansen RB, Shin PJ, Feng Y, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ (2018) 3D hyperpolarized C-13 EPI with calibrationless parallel imaging. J Magn Reson 289:92–99CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
188.
Lee RF, Johnson G, Grossman RI, Stoeckel B, Trampel R, McGuinness G (2006) Advantages of parallel imaging in conjunction with hyperpolarized helium—a new approach to MRI of the lung. Magn Reson Med 55(5):1132–1141CrossRefPubMed
189.
Lau AZ, Lau JYC, Chen AP, Cunningham CH (2018) Simultaneous multislice acquisition without trajectory modification for hyperpolarized 13C experiments. Magn Reson Med 80(4):1588–1594CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
190.
Feinberg DA, Hale JD, Watts JC, Kaufman L, Mark A (1986) Halving MR imaging time by conjugation: demonstration at 3.5 kG. Radiology 161:527–531CrossRefPubMed
191.
Schmidt R, Baishya B, Ben-Eliezer N, Seginer A, Frydman L (2014) Super-resolved parallel MRI by spatiotemporal encoding. Magn Reson Imaging 32(1):60–70CrossRefPubMed
192.
193.
Zhao L, Mulkern R, Tseng C-H, Williamson D, Patz S, Kraft R, Walsworth RL, Jolesz FA, Albert MS (1996) Gradient-echo imaging considerations for hyperpolarized 129Xe MR. J Magn Reson Series B 113:179–183CrossRef
194.
Nagashima K (2008) Optimum pulse flip angles for multi-scan acquisition of hyperpolarized NMR and MRI. J Magn Reson 190(2):183–188CrossRefPubMed
195.
Deppe MH, Wild JM (2012) Variable flip angle schedules in bSSFP imaging of hyperpolarized noble gases. Magn Reson Med 67(6):1656–1664CrossRefPubMed
196.
Maidens J, Gordon JW, Arcak M, Larson PE (2016) Optimizing flip angles for metabolic rate estimation in hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 35(11):2403–2412CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
197.
Garwood M, DelaBarre L (2001) The return of the frequency sweep: designing adiabatic pulses for contemporary NMR. J Magn Reson 153(2):155–177CrossRefPubMed
198.
Zweckstetter M, Hola TA (1998) An adiabatic multiple spin-echo pulse sequence: removal of systematic errors due to pulse imperfections and off-resonance effects. J Magn Reson 133:134–147CrossRefPubMed
199.
Wang J, Hesketh RL, Wright AJ, Brindle KM (2018) Hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopic imaging using single-shot 3D sequences with unpaired adiabatic refocusing pulses. NMR Biomed 31(11):e4004CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
200.
Carr HY (1958) Steady-state free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance. Phys Rev 112(5):1693–1701CrossRef
201.
Oppelt A, Graumann R, Barfuß H, Fischer H, Hartl W, Schajor W (1986) FISP—a new fast MRI sequence. Electromedica 54(1):15–18
202.
Leupold J, Mansson S, Petersson JS, Hennig J, Wieben O (2009) Fast multiecho balanced SSFP metabolite mapping of (1)H and hyperpolarized (13)C compounds. MAGMA 22(4):251–256CrossRefPubMed
203.
Perman WH, Bhattacharya P, Leupold J, Lin AP, Harris KC, Norton VA, Hovener JB, Ross BD (2010) Fast volumetric spatial-spectral MR imaging of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled compounds using multiple echo 3D bSSFP. Magn Reson Imaging 28(4):459–465CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
204.
Varma G, Wang X, Vinogradov E, Bhatt RS, Sukhatme VP, Seth P, Lenkinski RE, Alsop DC, Grant AK (2016) Selective spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized pyruvate and its metabolites using a single-echo variable phase advance method in balanced SSFP. Magn Reson Med 76(4):1102–1115CrossRefPubMed
205.
206.
Burstein D (1996) Stimulated echoes: description, applications, practical hints. Concepts Magn Reson 8:269–278CrossRef
207.
Larson PEZ, Kerr AB, Reed GD, Hurd RE, Kurhanewicz J, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB (2012) Generating super stimulated-echoes in MRI and their application to hyperpolarized C-13 diffusion metabolic imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 31(2):265–275CrossRefPubMed
208.
Larson PEZ, Hurd RE, Kerr AB, Pauly JM, Bok RA, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2013) Perfusion and diffusion sensitive 13C stimulated-echo MRSI for metabolic imaging of cancer. Magn Reson Imaging 31(5):635–642CrossRefPubMed
209.
Tanner JE (1970) Use of the stimulated echo in NMR diffusion studies. J Chem Phys 52(5):2523–2526CrossRef
210.
Wespi P, Steinhauser J, Kwiatkowski G, Kozerke S (2018) Overestimation of cardiac lactate production caused by liver metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 80(5):1882–1890CrossRefPubMed
211.
Butler JP, Mair RW, Hoffmann D, Hrovat MI, Rogers RA, Topulos GP, Walsworth RL, Patz S (2002) Measuring surface-to-area-volume ratios in soft porous materials using laser-polarized xenon interphase exchange nuclear magnetic resonance. J Phys: Condens Matter 13:297–304
212.
Dzien P, Fages A, Jona G, Brindle KM, Schwaiger M, Frydman L (2016) Following metabolism in living microorganisms by hyperpolarized 1H NMR. J Am Chem Soc 138(37):12278–12286CrossRefPubMed
213.
Maudsley AA, Ernst RR (1977) Indirect detection of magnetic resonance by heteronuclear two-dimensional spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 50(3):368–372CrossRef
214.
Morris GA, Freeman R (1979) Enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals by polarization transfer. J Am Chem Soc 101(3):760–762CrossRef
215.
von Morze C, Reed GD, Larson PE, Mammoli D, Chen AP, Tropp J, Van Criekinge M, Ohliger MA, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Merritt ME (2018) In vivo hyperpolarization transfer in a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 80(2):480–487CrossRef
216.
Wang J, Kreis F, Wright AJ, Hesketh RL, Levitt MH, Brindle KM (2018) Dynamic 1H imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate in vivo using a reverse INEPT experiment. Magn Reson Med 79(2):741–747CrossRefPubMed
217.
Harris T, Giraudeau P, Frydman L (2011) Kinetics from indirectly detected hyperpolarized NMR spectroscopy by using spatially selective coherence transfers. Chemistry 17(2):697–703CrossRefPubMed
218.
Donovan KJ, Lupulescu A, Frydman L (2014) Heteronuclear cross-relaxation effects in the NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarized targets. ChemPhysChem 15(3):436–443CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
219.
Stejskal EO, Tanner JE (1965) Spin diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient. J Chem Phys 42(1):288–292CrossRef
220.
Yablonskiy DA, Sukstanskii AL, Leawoods JC, Gierada DS, Bretthorst GL, Lefrak SS, Cooper JD, Conradi MS (2002) Quantitative in vivo assessment of lung microstructure at the alveolar level with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(5):3111–3116CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
221.
Shanbhag DD, Altes TA, Miller GW, Mata JF, Knight-Scott J (2006) q-Space analysis of lung morphometry in vivo with hyperpolarized 3He spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging 24(1):84–94CrossRefPubMed
222.
Woods JC, Yablonskiy DA, Chino K, Tanoli TSK, Cooper JD, Conradi MS (2004) Magnetization tagging decay to measure long-range 3He diffusion in healthy and emphysematous canine lungs. Magn Reson Med 51(5):1002–1008CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
223.
Chen XJ, Hedlund LW, Möller HE, Chawla MS, Maronpot RR, Johnson GA (2000) Detection of emphysema in rat lungs by using magnetic resonance measurements of 3He diffusion. PNAS 97(21):1478–11481
224.
Marco-Rius I, Gordon JW, Mattis AN, Bok R, Delos Santos R, Sukumar S, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Ohliger MA (2018) Diffusion-weighted imaging of hyperpolarized [13C]urea in mouse liver. J Magn Reson Imaging 47(1):141–151CrossRefPubMed
225.
Chen AP, Hurd RE, Cunningham CH (2012) Spin tagging for hyperpolarized 13C metabolic studies. J Magn Reson 214(1):319–323CrossRefPubMed
226.
McCarney ER, Armstrong BD, Lingwood MD, Han S (2007) Hyperpolarized water as an authentic magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. PNAS 104(6):1754–1759CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
227.
Kohler SJ, Yen Y, Wolber J, Chen AP, Albers MJ, Bok R, Zhang V, Tropp J, Nelson S, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Hurd RE (2007) In vivo 13 carbon metabolic imaging at 3 T with hyperpolarized 13C-1-pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 58(1):65–69CrossRefPubMed
228.
Chen AP, Tropp J, Hurd RE, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal LG, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2009) In vivo hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging with 1H decoupling. J Magn Reson 197(1):100–106CrossRefPubMed
229.
Richardson PM, Parrott AJ, Semenova O, Nordon A, Duckett SB, Halse ME (2018) SABRE hyperpolarization enables high-sensitivity 1H and 13C benchtop NMR spectroscopy. Analyst 143(14):3442–3450CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
230.
Bowen S, Zeng H, Hilty C (2008) Chemical shift correlations from hyperpolarized NMR by off-resonance decoupling. Anal Chem 80:5794–5798CrossRefPubMed
231.
Zhang G, Schilling F, Glaser SJ, Hilty C (2013) Chemical shift correlations from hyperpolarized NMR using a single SHOT. Anal Chem 85(5):2875–2881CrossRefPubMed
232.
Zhang G, Schilling F, Glaser SJ, Hilty C (2016) Reaction monitoring using hyperpolarized NMR with scaling of heteronuclear couplings by optimal tracking. J Magn Reson 272:123–128CrossRefPubMed
233.
234.
Purcell EM, Torrey HC, Pound RV (1946) Resonance absorption by nuclear magnetic moments in a solid. Phys Rev 69(1–2):37–38CrossRef
235.
Xing Y, Reed GD, Pauly JM, Kerr AB, Larson PE (2013) Optimal variable flip angle schemes for dynamic acquisition of exchanging hyperpolarized substrates. J Magn Reson 234:75–81CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
236.
Barb AW, Hekmatyar SK, Glushka JN, Prestegard JH (2013) Probing alanine transaminase catalysis with hyperpolarized 13CD3-pyruvate. J Magn Reson 228:59–65CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
237.
Merritt M, Harrison C, Storey C, Jeffrey FM, Sherry AD, Malloy CR (2007) Hyperpolarized 13C allows a direct measure of flux through a single enzyme-catalyzed step by NMR. PNAS 107(50):19773–19777CrossRef
238.
Dafni H, Larson PEZ, Hu S, Yoshihara HA, Ward CS, Venkatesh HS, Wang C, Zhang X, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM (2010) Hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopic imaging informs on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and myc activity downstream of platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Cancer Res 70(19):7400–7410CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
239.
Kazan SM, Reynolds S, Kennerley A, Wholey E, Bluff JE, Berwick J, Cunningham VJ, Paley MN, Tozer GM (2013) Kinetic modeling of hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate metabolism in tumors using a measured arterial input function. Magn Reson Med 70(4):943–953CrossRefPubMed
240.
Rao M, Stewart NJ, Norquay G, Griffiths PD, Wild JM (2016) High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla. Magn Reson Med 75(6):2227–2234CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
241.
Schroeder MA, Lau AZ, Chen AP, Gu Y, Nagendran J, Barry J, Hu X, Dyck JR, Tyler DJ, Clarke K, Connelly KA, Wright GA, Cunningham CH (2013) Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance reveals early- and late-onset changes to in vivo pyruvate metabolism in the failing heart. Eur J Heart Fail 15(2):130–140CrossRefPubMed
242.
Takado Y, Cheng T, Bastiaansen JAM, Yoshihara HAI, Lanz B, Mishkovsky M, Lengacher S, Comment A (2018) Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals the rate-limiting role of the blood–brain barrier in the cerebral uptake and metabolism of l-lactate in vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 9(11):2554–2562CrossRefPubMed
243.
Le Page LM, Ball DR, Ball V, Dodd MS, Miller JJ, Heather LC, Tyler DJ (2016) Simultaneous in vivo assessment of cardiac and hepatic metabolism in the diabetic rat using hyperpolarized MRS. NMR Biomed 29(12):1759–1767CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
244.
Yoshihara HA, Bastiaansen JA, Berthonneche C, Comment A, Schwitter J (2015) An intact small animal model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: characterization of metabolic changes by hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 309(12):H2058–H2066CrossRefPubMed
245.
Hansen AE, Gutte H, Holst P, Johannesen HH, Rahbek S, Clemmensen AE, Larsen MME, Schoier C, Ardenkjaer-Larsen J, Klausen TL, Kristensen AT, Kjaer A (2018) Combined hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRS and 18F-FDG PET (hyperPET) estimates of glycolysis in canine cancer patients. Eur J Radiol 103:6–12CrossRefPubMed
246.
Ramirez MS, Lee J, Walker CM, Chen Y, Kingsley CV, De La Cerda J, Maldonado KL, Lai SY, Bankson JA (2015) Feasibility of multianimal hyperpolarized 13C MRS. Magn Reson Med 73(5):1726–1732CrossRefPubMed
247.
Granot J (1986) Selected volume excitation using stimulated echoes (VEST). Applications to spatially localized spectroscopy and imaging. J Magn Reson 70:488–492
248.
Frahm J, Merboldt K-D, Hänicke W (1987) Localized proton spectroscopy using stimulated echoes. J Magn Reson 72:502–508
249.
Bottomley PA (1982) Selective volume method for performing localized NMR spectroscopy. United States Patent 4480228
250.
Nelson SJ, Ozhinsky E, Li Y, Park I, Crane J (2013) Strategies for rapid in vivo 1H and hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging. J Magn Reson 229:187–197CrossRefPubMed
251.
Marjanska M, Iltis I, Shestov AA, Deelchand DK, Nelson C, Ugurbil K, Henry PG (2010) In vivo 13C spectroscopy in the rat brain using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [2-13C]pyruvate. J Magn Reson 206(2):210–218CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
252.
Swisher CL, Koelsch B, Sukumar S, Sriram R, Santos RD, Wang ZJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron D, Larson P (2015) Dynamic ultrafast 2D exchange spectroscopy (UF-EXSY) of hyperpolarized substrates. J Magn Reson 257:102–109CrossRefPubMedCentral
253.
Aue WP, Bartholdi E, Ernst RR (1976) Two-dimensional spectroscopy: application to nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chem Phys 64(5):2229–2246CrossRef
254.
Jeener J, Meier BH, Bachmann P, Ernst RR (1979) Investigation of exchange processes by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 71(11):4546–4553CrossRef
255.
Hermkens NKJ, Feiters MC, Rutjes F, Wijmenga SS, Tessari M (2017) High field hyperpolarization-EXSY experiment for fast determination of dissociation rates in SABRE complexes. J Magn Reson 276:122–127CrossRefPubMed
256.
Larson PEZ, Kerr AB, Swisher CL, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB (2012) A rapid method for direct detection of metabolic conversion and magnetization exchange with application to hyperpolarized substrates. J Magn Reson 225:71–80CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
257.
Swisher CL, Larson PE, Kruttwig K, Kerr AB, Hu S, Bok RA, Goga A, Pauly JM, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2014) Quantitative measurement of cancer metabolism using stimulated echo hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRS. Magn Reson Med 71(1):1–11CrossRefPubMed
258.
259.
Frydman L, Lupulescu A, Scherf T (2003) Principles and features of single-scan two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 125:9204–9217CrossRefPubMed
260.
Frydman L, Blazina D (2007) Ultrafast two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized solutions. Nat Phys 3(6):415–419CrossRef
261.
Mishkovsky M, Frydman L (2008) Progress in hyperpolarized ultrafast 2D NMR spectroscopy. ChemPhysChem 9(16):2340–2348CrossRefPubMed
262.
Ahola S, Zhivonitko VV, Mankinen O, Zhang G, Kantola AM, Chen HY, Hilty C, Koptyug IV, Telkki VV (2015) Ultrafast multidimensional Laplace NMR for a rapid and sensitive chemical analysis. Nat Commun 6:8363CrossRefPubMed
263.
Szekely O, Olsen GL, Felli IC, Frydman L (2018) High-resolution 2D NMR of disordered proteins enhanced by hyperpolarized water. Anal Chem 90(10):6169–6177CrossRefPubMed
264.
Koelsch BL, Sriram R, Keshari KR, Leon Swisher C, Van Criekinge M, Sukumar S, Vigneron DB, Wang ZJ, Larson PEZ, Kurhanewicz J (2016) Separation of extra- and intracellular metabolites using hyperpolarized (13)C diffusion weighted MR. J Magn Reson 270:115–123CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
265.
Koelsch BL, Keshari KR, Peeters TH, Larson PE, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J (2013) Diffusion MR of hyperpolarized 13C molecules in solution. Analyst 138(4):1011–1014CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
266.
Schilling F, Duwel S, Kollisch U, Durst M, Schulte RF, Glaser SJ, Haase A, Otto AM, Menzel MI (2013) Diffusion of hyperpolarized 13C-metabolites in tumor cell spheroids using real-time NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed 26(5):557–568CrossRefPubMed
267.
Cheng CY, Bowers CR (2007) Observation of single-file diffusion in dipeptide nanotubes by continuous-flow hyperpolarized xenon-129 NMR spectroscopy. ChemPhysChem 8(14):2077–2081CrossRefPubMed
268.
Søgaard LV, Schilling F, Janich MA, Menzel MI, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH (2014) In vivo measurement of apparent diffusion coefficients of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled metabolites. NMR Biomed 27(5):561–569CrossRefPubMed
269.
Zhu X, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ (2019) Dynamic diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized 13C imaging based on a slice-selective double spin echo sequence for measurements of cellular transport. Magn Reson Med 81:2001–2010CrossRefPubMed
270.
Durst M, Koellisch U, Frank A, Rancan G, Gringeri CV, Karas V, Wiesinger F, Menzel MI, Schwaiger M, Haase A, Schulte RF (2015) Comparison of acquisition schemes for hyperpolarised 13C imaging. NMR Biomed 28(6):715–725CrossRefPubMed
271.
Hurd RE, Yen YF, Chen A, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2012) Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. J Magn Reson Imaging 36(6):1314–1328CrossRefPubMed
272.
Miloushev VZ, Granlund KL, Boltyanskiy R, Lyashchenko SK, DeAngelis LM, Mellinghoff IK, Brennan CW, Tabar V, Yang TJ, Holodny AI, Sosa RE, Guo YW, Chen AP, Tropp J, Robb F, Keshari KR (2018) Metabolic imaging of the human brain with hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate demonstrates 13C lactate production in brain tumor patients. Cancer Res 78(14):3755–3760CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
273.
Eldirdiri A, Posse S, Hanson LG, Hansen RB, Holst P, Schoier C, Kristensen AT, Johannesen HH, Kjaer A, Hansen AE, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2018) Development of a Symmetric echo-planar spectroscopy imaging framework for hyperpolarized 13C imaging in a clinical PET/MR scanner. Tomography 4(3):110–122CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
274.
Posse S, Tedeschi G, Risinger R, Ogg R, Le Bihan D (1995) High speed ‘H spectroscopic imaging in human brain by echo planar spatial-spectral encoding. Magn Reson Med 33:34–40CrossRefPubMed
275.
Du YP, Joe Zhou X, Bernstein MA (2002) Correction of concomitant magnetic field-induced image artifacts in nonaxial echo-planar imaging. Magn Reson Med 48(3):509–515CrossRefPubMed
276.
Zhu X, Ebel A, Ji JX, Schuff N (2007) Spectral phase-corrected GRAPPA reconstruction of three-dimensional echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (3D-EPSI). Magn Reson Med 57(5):815–820CrossRefPubMed
277.
Ahn CB, Kim JH, Cho ZH (1986) High-speed spiral-scan echo planar NMR imaging-I. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 5(1):2–7CrossRefPubMed
278.
Meyer CH, Hu BS, Nishimura DG, Macovski A (1992) Fast spiral coronary artery imaging. Magn Reson Med 28(2):202–213CrossRefPubMed
279.
Delattre BM, Heidemann RM, Crowe LA, Vallee JP, Hyacinthe JN (2010) Spiral demystified. Magn Reson Imaging 28(6):862–881CrossRefPubMed
280.
Viallon M, Berthezène Y, Callot V, Bourgeois M, Humblot H, Briguet A, Crémillieux Y (2000) Dynamic imaging of hyperpolarized 3He distribution in rat lungs using interleaved-spiral scans. NMR Biomed 13:207–213CrossRefPubMed
281.
Nayak KS, Cunningham CH, Santos JM, Pauly JM (2004) Real-time cardiac MRI at 3 tesla. Magn Reson Med 51(4):655–660CrossRefPubMed
282.
Scheffler K, Lehnhardt S (2003) Principles and applications of balanced SSFP techniques. Eur Radiol 13(11):2409–2418CrossRefPubMed
283.
Bieri O, Scheffler K (2013) Fundamentals of balanced steady state free precession MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 38(1):2–11CrossRefPubMed
284.
Imai F, Kashiwagi R, Imai H, Iguchi S, Kimura A, Fujiwara H (2011) Hyperpolarized 129Xe MR imaging with balanced steady-state free precession in spontaneously breathing mouse lungs. Magn Reson Med Sci 10(1):33–40CrossRefPubMed
285.
Deiming M, Heid O (1994) Magnetization Prepared True FISP Imaging. In: Paper presented at the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, San Francisco, CA
286.
Hargreaves BA, Vasanawala SS, Nayak KS, Hu BS, Nishimura DG (2003) Fat-suppressed steady-state free precession imaging using phase detection. Magn Reson Med 50(1):210–213CrossRefPubMed
287.
Staehle F, Leupold J, Hennig J, Markl M (2008) Off-resonance-dependent slice profile effects in balanced steady-state free precession imaging. Magn Reson Med 59(5):1197–1202CrossRefPubMed
288.
Shang H, Sukumar S, von Morze C, Bok RA, Marco-Rius I, Kerr A, Reed GD, Milshteyn E, Ohliger MA, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Pauly JM, Vigneron DB (2017) Spectrally selective three-dimensional dynamic balanced steady-state free precession for hyperpolarized C-13 metabolic imaging with spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses. Magn Reson Med 78(3):963–975CrossRefPubMed
289.
Bangerter NK, Hargreaves BA, Vasanawala SS, Pauly JM, Gold GE, Nishimura DG (2004) Analysis of multiple-acquisition SSFP. Magn Reson Med 51(5):1038–1047CrossRefPubMed
290.
Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Gordon JW, Zhu Z, Larson PE, Vigneron DB (2018) High spatiotemporal resolution bSSFP imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate and [1-13C] lactate with spectral suppression of alanine and pyruvate-hydrate. Magn Reson Med 80(3):1048–1060CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
291.
von Morze C, Sukumar S, Reed GD, Larson PE, Bok RA, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2013) Frequency-specific SSFP for hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging at 14.1 T. Magn Reson Imaging 31(2):163–170CrossRef
292.
Leupold J, Månsson S, Petersson JS, Hennig J, Wieben O (2009) Fast multiecho balanced SSFP metabolite mapping of 1H and hyperpolarized 13C compounds. Magn Reson Mater Phy 22(4):251–256CrossRef
293.
Leupold J, Wieben O, Månsson S, Speck O, Scheffler K, Petersson JS, Hennig J (2006) Fast chemical shift mapping with multiecho balanced SSFP. Magn Reson Mater Phy 19(5):267–273CrossRef
294.
Müller CA, Hundshammer C, Braeuer M, Skinner JG, Hansen AE, Mansson S, Schilling F, Leupold J, von Elverfeldt D, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Schwaiger M, Hennig J, Hövener J-B (2018) In vitro and in vivo 13C metabolic imaging of pyruvate to lactate conversion with high spatial and temporal resolution using a me-bSSFP sequence. In: Paper presented at the Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB, Paris, France
295.
Mugler JPI, Altes TA, Ruset IC, Ketel S, Distelbrink JH, Chang Y, Mata JF, Hersman FW, Ruppert K, Dregely IM (2009) Hyperpolarized Xe129 ventilation imaging using an optimized 3D steady-state free-precession pulse sequence. In: The Proceedings of the international society of magnetic resonance in medicine, Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA, p 2210
296.
Stewart NJ, Norquay G, Griffiths PD, Wild JM (2015) Feasibility of human lung ventilation imaging using highly polarized naturally abundant xenon and optimized three-dimensional steady-state free precession. Magn Reson Med 74(2):346–352CrossRefPubMed
297.
von Morze C, Bok RA, Reed GD, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2014) Simultaneous multiagent hyperpolarized 13C perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 72(6):1599–1609CrossRef
298.
Månsson S, Petersson JS, Scheffler K (2012) Fast metabolite mapping in the pig heart after injection of hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate with low-flip angle balanced steady-state free precession imaging. Magn Reson Med 68(6):1894–1899CrossRefPubMed
299.
Meyer CH, Pauly JM, Macovski A, Nishimura DG (1990) Simultaneous spatial and spectral selective excitation. Magn Reson Med 15:287–304CrossRefPubMed
300.
Schulte RF, Wiesinger F (2013) Direct design of 2D RF pulses using matrix inversion. J Magn Reson 235:115–120CrossRefPubMed
301.
Marco-Rius I, Cao P, von Morze C, Merritt M, Moreno KX, Chang GY, Ohliger MA, Pearce D, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PE, Vigneron DB (2017) Multiband spectral-spatial RF excitation for hyperpolarized [2-13C]dihydroxyacetone 13C-MR metabolism studies. Magn Reson Med 77(4):1419–1428CrossRefPubMed
302.
Miller JJ, Lau AZ, Teh I, Schneider JE, Kinchesh P, Smart S, Ball V, Sibson NR, Tyler DJ (2016) Robust and high resolution hyperpolarized metabolic imaging of the rat heart at 7 T with 3D spectral-spatial EPI. Magn Reson Med 75(4):1515–1524CrossRefPubMed
303.
Wang J, Wright AJ, Hu DE, Hesketh R, Brindle KM (2017) Single shot three-dimensional pulse sequence for hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Magn Reson Med 77(2):740–752CrossRefPubMed
304.
Harris T, Degani H, Frydman L (2013) Hyperpolarized 13C NMR studies of glucose metabolism in living breast cancer cell cultures. NMR Biomed 26(12):1831–1843CrossRefPubMed
305.
Park I, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Carvajal L, Chen H-Y, Bok R, van Criekinge M, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Chang S, Nelson SJ (2018) Development of methods and feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging data for evaluating brain metabolism in patient studies. Magn Reson Med 80(3):864–873CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
306.
Meiboom S, Gill D (1958) Modified spin-echo method for measuring nuclear relaxation times. Rev Sci Instrum 29(8):688–691CrossRef
307.
Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Reed GD, Shang H, Shin PJ, Zhu Z, Chen HY, Bok R, Goga A, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PE, Vigneron DB (2017) Development of high resolution 3D hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR molecular imaging techniques. Magn Reson Imaging 38:152–162CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
308.
Kettunen MI, Kennedy BW, Hu DE, Brindle KM (2013) Spin echo measurements of the extravasation and tumor cell uptake of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]lactate and [1-(13)C]pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 70(5):1200–1209CrossRefPubMed
309.
Yen YF, Le Roux P, Mayer D, King R, Spielman D, Tropp J, Butts Pauly K, Pfefferbaum A, Vasanawala S, Hurd R (2010) T2 relaxation times of 13C metabolites in a rat hepatocellular carcinoma model measured in vivo using 13C-MRS of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. NMR Biomed 23(4):414–423PubMedPubMedCentral
310.
Hürlimann MD (2001) Diffusion and relaxation effects in general stray field NMR experiments. J Magn Reson 148(2):367–378CrossRefPubMed
311.
Ziener CH, Kampf T, Jakob PM, Bauer WR (2010) Diffusion effects on the CPMG relaxation rate in a dipolar field. J Magn Reson 202(1):38–42CrossRefPubMed
312.
Simbrunner J (1995) Analysis of Carr–Purcell sequences with nonideal pulses. J Magn Reson B 109:301–309CrossRef
313.
Ross A, Czisch M, King GC (1997) Systematic errors associated with the CPMG pulse sequence and their effect on motional analysis of biomolecules. J Magn Reson 124:355–365CrossRef
314.
Joe E, Lee J, Lee H, Yang S, Choi Y-S, Wang E, Song H-T, Kim D-H (2017) Dual component analysis for in vivo T2* decay of hyperpolarized 13C metabolites. Investig Magn Reson Imaging 21(1):1–8CrossRef
315.
Yu H, McKenzie CA, Shimakawa A, Vu AT, Brau ACS, Beatty PJ, Pineda AR, Brittain JH, Reeder SB (2007) Multiecho reconstruction for simultaneous water-fat decomposition and T2* estimation. J Magn Reson Imaging 26(4):1153–1161CrossRefPubMed
316.
Khegai O, Schulte RF, Janich MA, Menzel MI, Farrell E, Otto AM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Glaser SJ, Haase A, Schwaiger M, Wiesinger F (2014) Apparent rate constant mapping using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. NMR Biomed 27(10):1256–1265CrossRefPubMed
317.
318.
Deninger AJ, Eberle B, Ebert M, Grossmann T, Heil W, Kauczor H, Lauer L, Markstaller K, Otten E, Schmiedeskamp J, Schreiber W, Surkau R, Thelen M, Weiler N (1999) Quantification of regional intrapulmonary oxygen partial pressure evolution during apnea by (3)He MRI. J Magn Reson 141(2):207–216CrossRefPubMed
319.
Albert MS, Balamore D (1998) Development of hyperpolarized noble gas MRI. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, Sect A 402(2):441–453CrossRef
320.
Möller HE, Chen XJ, Saam B, Hagspiel KD, Johnson GA, Altes TA, de Lange EE, Kauczor HU (2002) MRI of the lungs using hyperpolarized noble gases. Magn Reson Med 47(6):1029–1051CrossRefPubMed
321.
Kauczor H, Surkau R, Roberts T (1998) MRI using hyperpolarized noble gases. Eur Radiol 8(5):820–827CrossRefPubMed
322.
Roos JE, McAdams HP, Kaushik SS, Driehuys B (2015) Hyperpolarized gas MR imaging: technique and applications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 23(2):217–229CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
323.
Fain SB, Korosec FR, Holmes JH, O’Halloran R, Sorkness RL, Grist TM (2007) Functional lung imaging using hyperpolarized gas MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 25(5):910–923CrossRefPubMed
324.
Chawla MS, Chen XJ, Möller HE, Cofer GP, Wheeler CT, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA (1998) In vivo magnetic resonance vascular imaging using laser-polarized 3He microbubbles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95(18):10832–10835CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
325.
Lilburn DM, Lesbats C, Six JS, Dubuis E, Yew-Booth L, Shaw DE, Belvisi MG, Birrell MA, Pavlovskaya GE, Meersmann T (2015) Hyperpolarized 83Kr magnetic resonance imaging of alveolar degradation in a rat model of emphysema. J R Soc Interface 12(107):20150192CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
326.
Swanson SD, Rosen MS, Agranoff BW, Coulter KP, Welsh RC, Chupp TE (1997) Brain MRI with laser-polarized 129Xe. Magn Reson Med 38(5):695–698CrossRefPubMed
327.
Swanson SD, Rosen MS, Coulter KP, Welsh RC, Chupp TE (1999) Distribution and dynamics of laser-polarized (129)Xe magnetization in vivo. Magn Reson Med 42(6):1137–1145CrossRefPubMed
328.
Johansson E, Olsson LE, Månsson S, Petersson JS, Golman K, Ståhlberg F, Wirestam R (2004) Perfusion assessment with bolus differentiation: a technique applicable to hyperpolarized tracers. Magn Reson Med 52(5):1043–1051CrossRefPubMed
329.
Bhattacharya P, Harris K, Lin AP, Mansson M, Norton VA, Perman WH, Weitekamp DP, Ross BD (2005) Ultra-fast three dimensional imaging of hyperpolarized 13C in vivo. Magn Reson Mater Phy 18(5):245–256CrossRef
330.
331.
Bhattacharya P, Chekmenev EY, Perman WH, Harris KC, Lin AP, Norton VA, Tan CT, Ross BD, Weitekamp DP (2007) Towards hyperpolarized (13)C-succinate imaging of brain cancer. J Magn Reson 186(1):150–155CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
332.
Zacharias NM, Chan HR, Sailasuta N, Ross BD, Bhattacharya P (2012) Real-time molecular imaging of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in vivo by hyperpolarized 1-13C diethyl succinate. J Am Chem Soc 134(2):934–943CrossRefPubMed
333.
Cavallari E, Carrera C, Sorge M, Bonne G, Muchir A, Aime S, Reineri F (2018) The 13C hyperpolarized pyruvate generated by ParaHydrogen detects the response of the heart to altered metabolism in real time. Sci Rep 8(1):8366CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
334.
Cassidy MC, Chan HR, Ross BD, Bhattacharya PK, Marcus CM (2013) In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized silicon particles. Nat Nanotechnol 8:363CrossRefPubMed
335.
Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Laustsen C, Bowen S, Rizi R (2014) Hyperpolarized H2O MR angiography. Magn Reson Med 71(1):50–56CrossRefPubMed
336.
Wigh Lipsø K, Hansen ESS, Tougaard RS, Laustsen C, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH (2017) Renal MR angiography and perfusion in the pig using hyperpolarized water. Magn Reson Med 78(3):1131–1135CrossRefPubMed
337.
Lipsø KW, Hansen ESS, Tougaard RS, Laustsen C, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH (2018) Dynamic coronary MR angiography in a pig model with hyperpolarized water. Magn Reson Med 80(3):1165–1169CrossRefPubMed
338.
Durst M, Chiavazza E, Haase A, Aime S, Schwaiger M, Schulte RF (2016) α-trideuteromethyl[15N]glutamine: a long-lived hyperpolarized perfusion marker. Magn Reson Med 76(6):1900–1904CrossRefPubMed
339.
Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Leach AM, Clarke N, Urbahn J, Anderson D, Skloss TW (2011) Dynamic nuclear polarization polarizer for sterile use intent. NMR Biomed 24(8):927–932CrossRefPubMed
340.
341.
Cairns RA, Harris IS, Mak TW (2011) Regulation of cancer cell metabolism. Nat Rev Cancer 11(2):85–95CrossRefPubMed
342.
Jóhannesson H, Macholl S, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2009) Dynamic nuclear polarization of [1-13C]pyruvic acid at 4.6 tesla. J Magn Reson 197(2):167–175CrossRefPubMed
343.
Golman K, Zandt RI, Lerche M, Pehrson R, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2006) Metabolic imaging by hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging for in vivo tumor diagnosis. Cancer Res 66(22):10855–10860CrossRefPubMed
344.
Mayer D, Yen YF, Tropp J, Pfefferbaum A, Hurd RE, Spielman DM (2009) Application of subsecond spiral chemical shift imaging to real-time multislice metabolic imaging of the rat in vivo after injection of hyperpolarized 13C1-pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 62(3):557–564CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
345.
Grant AK, Vinogradov E, Wang X, Lenkinski RE, Alsop DC (2011) Perfusion imaging with a freely diffusible hyperpolarized contrast agent. Magn Reson Med 66(3):746–755CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
346.
von Morze C, Larson PEZ, Hu S, Yoshihara HAI, Bok RA, Goga A, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Vigneron DB (2012) Investigating tumor perfusion and metabolism using multiple hyperpolarized (13)C compounds: HP001, pyruvate and urea. Magn Reson Imaging 30(3):305–311CrossRef
347.
Lau JYC, Chen AP, Gu Y-P, Cunningham CH (2016) Voxel-by-voxel correlations of perfusion, substrate, and metabolite signals in dynamic hyperpolarized 13C imaging. NMR Biomed 29(8):1038–1047CrossRefPubMed
348.
Johansson E, Månsson S, Wirestam R, Svensson J, Petersson JS, Golman K, Ståhlberg F (2004) Cerebral perfusion assessment by bolus tracking using hyperpolarized 13C. Magn Reson Med 51(3):464–472CrossRefPubMed
349.
Nielsen PM, Szocska Hansen ES, Nørlinger TS, Nørregaard R, Bonde Bertelsen L, Stødkilde Jørgensen H, Laustsen C (2016) Renal ischemia and reperfusion assessment with three-dimensional hyperpolarized 13C,15N2-urea. Magn Reson Med 76(5):1524–1530CrossRefPubMed
350.
Lau AZ, Miller JJ, Robson MD, Tyler DJ (2017) Simultaneous assessment of cardiac metabolism and perfusion using copolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and 13C-urea. Magn Reson Med 77(1):151–158CrossRefPubMed
351.
Hundshammer C, Duwel S, Kocher SS, Gersch M, Feuerecker B, Scheurer C, Haase A, Glaser SJ, Schwaiger M, Schilling F (2017) Deuteration of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled zymonic acid enables sensitivity-enhanced dynamic MRI of pH. ChemPhysChem 18(18):2422–2425CrossRefPubMed
352.
Hundshammer C, Duwel S, Schilling F (2017) Imaging of extracellular pH using hyperpolarized molecules. Isr J Chem 57:788–799CrossRef
353.
Rodrigues TB, Serrao EM, Kennedy BWC, Hu D-E, Kettunen MI, Brindle KM (2014) Magnetic resonance imaging of tumor glycolysis using hyperpolarized 13C-labeled glucose. Nat Med 20(1):93–97CrossRefPubMed
354.
Jensen PR, Serra SC, Miragoli L, Karlsson M, Cabella C, Poggi L, Venturi L, Tedoldi F, Lerche MH (2015) Hyperpolarized [1,3-13C2]ethyl acetoacetate is a novel diagnostic metabolic marker of liver cancer. Int J Cancer 136(4):E117–E126CrossRefPubMed
355.
Keshari KR, Wilson DM, Chen AP, Bok R, Larson PEZ, Hu S, Van Criekinge M, Macdonald JM, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J (2009) Hyperpolarized [2-13C]-fructose: a hemiketal DNP substrate for in vivo metabolic imaging. J Am Chem Soc 131(48):17591–17596CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
356.
Chaumeil MM, Larson PEZ, Yoshihara HAI, Danforth OM, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ, Pieper RO, Phillips JJ, Ronen SM (2013) Non-invasive in vivo assessment of IDH1 mutational status in glioma. Nat Commun 4:2429CrossRefPubMed
357.
Karlsson M, Jensen PR, Zandt R, Gisselsson A, Hansson G, Duus JØ, Meier S, Lerche MH (2010) Imaging of branched chain amino acid metabolism in tumors with hyperpolarized 13C ketoisocaproate. Int J Cancer 127(3):729–736CrossRefPubMed
358.
Eldirdiri A, Clemmensen A, Bowen S, Kjaer A, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH (2017) Simultaneous imaging of hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate, [1-13C]pyruvate and 18F-FDG in a rat model of necrosis in a clinical PET/MR scanner. NMR Biomed 30(12):e3803CrossRef
359.
Düwel S, Durst M, Gringeri CV, Kosanke Y, Gross C, Janich MA, Haase A, Glaser SJ, Schwaiger M, Schulte RF, Braren R, Menzel MI (2016) Multiparametric human hepatocellular carcinoma characterization and therapy response evaluation by hyperpolarized 13C MRSI. NMR Biomed 29(7):952–960CrossRefPubMed
360.
Nielsen PM, Eldirdiri A, Bertelsen LB, Jørgensen HS, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Laustsen C (2017) Fumarase activity: an in vivo and in vitro biomarker for acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 7:40812CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
361.
Mayer D, Yen Y-F, Josan S, Park JM, Pfefferbaum A, Hurd RE, Spielman DM (2012) Application of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate for the in vivo investigation of cardiac metabolism. NMR Biomed 25(10):1119–1124CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
362.
Koellisch U, Gringeri CV, Rancan G, Farell EV, Menzel MI, Haase A, Schwaiger M, Schulte RF (2015) Metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate and [1-13C]acetylcarnitine-investigation of the influence of dobutamine induced stress. Magn Reson Med 74(4):1011–1018CrossRefPubMed
363.
von Morze C, Bok RA, Ohliger MA, Zhu Z, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J (2016) Hyperpolarized [13C]ketobutyrate, a molecular analog of pyruvate with modified specificity for LDH isoforms. Magn Reson Med 75(5):1894–1900CrossRef
364.
Qi H, Mariager CØ, Nielsen PM, Schroeder M, Lindhardt J, Nørregaard R, Klein JD, Sands JM, Laustsen C (2019) Glucagon infusion alters the hyperpolarized 13C-urea renal hemodynamic signature. NMR Biomed 32(1):e4028CrossRefPubMed
365.
Hansen ESS, Stewart NJ, Wild JM, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C (2016) Hyperpolarized 13C,15N2-urea MRI for assessment of the urea gradient in the porcine kidney. Magn Reson Med 76(6):1895–1899CrossRefPubMed
366.
Mikkelsen EFR, Mariager CØ, Nørlinger T, Qi H, Schulte RF, Jakobsen S, Frøkiær J, Pedersen M, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C (2017) Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-acetate renal metabolic clearance rate mapping. Sci Rep 7(1):16002CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
367.
Park JM, Josan S, Grafendorfer T, Yen YF, Hurd RE, Spielman DM, Mayer D (2013) Measuring mitochondrial metabolism in rat brain in vivo using MR spectroscopy of hyperpolarized [2-(1)(3)C]pyruvate. NMR Biomed 26(10):1197–1203CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
368.
Hurd RE, Yen YF, Mayer D, Chen A, Wilson D, Kohler S, Bok R, Vigneron D, Kurhanewicz J, Tropp J, Spielman D, Pfefferbaum A (2010) Metabolic imaging in the anesthetized rat brain using hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate and [1-13C] ethyl pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 63(5):1137–1143CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
369.
Josan S, Hurd R, Billingsley K, Senadheera L, Park JM, Yen Y-F, Pfefferbaum A, Spielman D, Mayer D (2013) Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic measurements in rat brain. Magn Reson Med 70(4):1117–1124CrossRefPubMed
370.
Dzien P, Kettunen MI, Marco-Rius I, Serrao EM, Rodrigues TB, Larkin TJ, Timm KN, Brindle KM (2015) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C, U-2H5] ethanol oxidation can be used to assess aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in vivo. Magn Reson Med 73(5):1733–1740CrossRefPubMed
371.
von Morze C, Chang G-Y, Larson PEZ, Shang H, Allu PKR, Bok RA, Crane JC, Olson MP, Tan CT, Marco-Rius I, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Pearce D, Vigneron DB (2017) Detection of localized changes in the metabolism of hyperpolarized gluconeogenic precursors 13C-lactate and 13C-pyruvate in kidney and liver. Magn Reson Med 77(4):1429–1437CrossRef
372.
Wang JX, Merritt ME, Sherry D, Malloy CR (2016) A general chemical shift decomposition method for hyperpolarized 13C metabolite magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Chem 54(8):665–673CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
373.
Keshari KR, Kurhanewicz J, Bok R, Larson PE, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM (2011) Hyperpolarized 13C dehydroascorbate as an endogenous redox sensor for in vivo metabolic imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(46):18606–18611CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
374.
Wang J-X, Merritt ME, Sherry AD, Malloy CR (2016) Accelerated chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized 13C metabolites. Magn Reson Med 76(4):1033–1038CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
375.
MacKenzie JD, Yen Y-F, Mayer D, Tropp JS, Hurd RE, Spielman DM (2011) Detection of inflammatory arthritis by using hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate with MR imaging and spectroscopy. Radiology 259(2):414–420CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
376.
Gutte H, Hansen AE, Henriksen ST, Johannesen HH, Ardenkjaer-Larsen J, Vignaud A, Hansen AE, Børresen B, Klausen TL, Wittekind A-MN, Gillings N, Kristensen AT, Clemmensen A, Højgaard L, Kjær A (2014) Simultaneous hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI and 18F-FDG-PET in cancer (hyperPET): feasibility of a new imaging concept using a clinical PET/MRI scanner. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 5(1):38–45PubMedPubMedCentral
377.
Chen Y, Kim H, Bok R, Sukumar S, Mu X, Sheldon RA, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM, Xu D (2016) Pyruvate to lactate metabolic changes during neurodevelopment measured dynamically using hyperpolarized 13C imaging in juvenile murine brain. Dev Neurosci 38(1):34–40CrossRefPubMed
378.
Lauritzen MH, Laustsen C, Butt SA, Magnusson P, Søgaard LV, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Åkeson P (2013) Enhancing the [13C]bicarbonate signal in cardiac hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS studies by infusion of glucose, insulin and potassium. NMR Biomed 26(11):1496–1500CrossRefPubMed
379.
Laustsen C, Østergaard JA, Lauritzen MH, Nørregaard R, Bowen S, Søgaard LV, Flyvbjerg A, Pedersen M, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH (2013) Assessment of early diabetic renal changes with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Diabetes/metab Res Rev 29(2):125–129CrossRef
380.
Laustsen C, Hansen ESS, Kjaergaard U, Bertelsen LB, Ringgaard S, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H (2015) Acute porcine renal metabolic effect of endogastric soft drink administration assessed with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 74(2):558–563CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
381.
Thind K, Chen A, Friesen-Waldner L, Ouriadov A, Scholl TJ, Fox M, Wong E, VanDyk J, Hope A, Santyr G (2013) Detection of radiation-induced lung injury using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Magn Reson Med 70(3):601–609CrossRefPubMed
382.
Riis-Vestergaard MJ, Breining P, Pedersen SB, Laustsen C, Stodkilde-Jorgensen H, Borghammer P, Jessen N, Richelsen B (2018) Evaluation of active brown adipose tissue by the use of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI in mice. Int J Mol Sci 19(9):2597CrossRefPubMedCentral
383.
Joe E, Lee H, Lee J, Seungwook Y, Choi YS, Wang E, Song HT, Kim DH (2017) An indirect method for in vivo T2 mapping of [1-13C] pyruvate using hyperpolarized 13C CSI. NMR Biomed 30(5):e3690CrossRef
384.
Gordon JW, Niles DJ, Adamson EB, Johnson KM, Fain SB (2016) Application of flow sensitive gradients for improved measures of metabolism using hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Magn Reson Med 75(3):1242–1248CrossRefPubMed
385.
Lau AZ, Chen AP, Barry J, Graham JJ, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Ghugre NR, Wright GA, Cunningham CH (2013) Reproducibility study for free-breathing measurements of pyruvate metabolism using hyperpolarized 13C in the heart. Magn Reson Med 69(4):1063–1071CrossRefPubMed
386.
Flori A, Frijia F, Lionetti V, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Positano V, Giovannetti G, Schulte RF, Wiesinger F, Recchia FA, Landini L, Santarelli MF, Lombardi M, Menichetti LJAMR (2012) DNP methods for cardiac metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate large dose injection in pigs. Appl Magn Reson 43(1):299–310CrossRef
387.
Miller JJ, Grist JT, Serres S, Larkin JR, Lau AZ, Ray K, Fisher KR, Hansen E, Tougaard RS, Nielsen PM, Lindhardt J, Laustsen C, Gallagher FA, Tyler DJ, Sibson N (2018) 13C pyruvate transport across the blood-brain barrier in preclinical hyperpolarised MRI. Sci Rep 8(1):15082CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
388.
Josan S, Spielman D, Yen Y-F, Hurd R, Pfefferbaum A, Mayer D (2012) Fast volumetric imaging of ethanol metabolism in rat liver with hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. NMR Biomed 25(8):993–999CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
389.
Markovic S, Fages A, Roussel T, Hadas R, Brandis A, Neeman M, Frydman L (2018) Placental physiology monitored by hyperpolarized dynamic 13C magnetic resonance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115(10):E2429–E2436CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
390.
Albers MJ, Bok R, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Zierhut ML, Zhang VY, Kohler SJ, Tropp J, Hurd RE, Yen Y-F, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J (2008) Hyperpolarized 13C lactate, pyruvate, and alanine: noninvasive biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and grading. Cancer Res 68(20):8607–8615CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
391.
Chen H-Y, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Cao P, von Morze C, van Criekinge M, Milshteyn E, Carvajal L, Hurd RE, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ (2019) Pulse sequence considerations for quantification of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion kPL in hyperpolarized 13C imaging. NMR Biomed 32(3):e4052CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
392.
393.
Park I, Bok R, Ozawa T, Phillips JJ, James CD, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM, Nelson SJ (2011) Detection of early response to temozolomide treatment in brain tumors using hyperpolarized 13C MR metabolic imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 33(6):1284–1290CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
394.
Wilson DM, Keshari KR, Larson PE, Chen AP, Hu S, Van Criekinge M, Bok R, Nelson SJ, Macdonald JM, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J (2010) Multi-compound polarization by DNP allows simultaneous assessment of multiple enzymatic activities in vivo. J Magn Reson 205(1):141–147CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
395.
von Morze C, Larson PE, Hu S, Keshari K, Wilson DM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Goga A, Bok R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2011) Imaging of blood flow using hyperpolarized [13C] urea in preclinical cancer models. J Magn Reson Imaging 33(3):692–697CrossRef
396.
von Morze C, Bok RA, Sands JM, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB (2012) Monitoring urea transport in rat kidney in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302(12):F1658–F1662CrossRef
397.
Durst M, Koellisch U, Gringeri C, Janich MA, Rancan G, Frank A, Wiesinger F, Menzel MI, Haase A, Schulte RF (2014) Bolus tracking for improved metabolic imaging of hyperpolarised compounds. J Magn Reson 243:40–46CrossRefPubMed
398.
Korenchan DE, Flavell RR, Baligand C, Sriram R, Neumann K, Sukumar S, VanBrocklin H, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J (2016) Dynamic nuclear polarization of biocompatible 13C-enriched carbonates for in vivo pH imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 52(14):3030–3033CrossRef
399.
von Morze C, Reed G, Shin P, Larson PE, Hu S, Bok R, Vigneron DB (2011) Multi-band frequency encoding method for metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. J Magn Reson 211(2):109–113CrossRef
400.
Chen WC, Teo XQ, Lee MY, Radda GK, Lee P (2015) Robust hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging with selective non-excitation of pyruvate (SNEP). NMR Biomed 28(8):1021–1030CrossRefPubMed
401.
Park I, Larson PEZ, Tropp JL, Carvajal L, Reed G, Bok R, Robb F, Bringas J, Kells A, Pivirotto P, Bankiewicz K, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ (2014) Dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging of nonhuman primate brain. Magn Reson Med 71(1):19–25CrossRefPubMed
402.
h-Ici DO, Wespi P, Busch J, Wissmann L, Krajewski M, Weiss K, Sigfridsson A, Messroghli D, Kozerke S (2016) Hyperpolarized metabolic MR imaging of acute myocardial changes and recovery after ischemia-reperfusion in a small-animal model. Radiology 278(3):742–751CrossRef
403.
Lau AZ, Chen AP, Gu Y, Ladouceur-Wodzak M, Nayak KS, Cunningham CH (2013) Noninvasive identification and assessment of functional brown adipose tissue in rodents using hyperpolarized 13C imaging. Int J Obes 38:126CrossRef
404.
Scholz DJ, Otto AM, Hintermair J, Schilling F, Frank A, Kollisch U, Janich MA, Schulte RF, Schwaiger M, Haase A, Menzel MI (2015) Parameterization of hyperpolarized 13C-bicarbonate-dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. MAGMA 28(6):591–598CrossRefPubMed
405.
Josan S, Hurd R, Park JM, Yen YF, Watkins R, Pfefferbaum A, Spielman D, Mayer D (2014) Dynamic metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate using spiral chemical shift imaging with alternating spectral band excitation. Magn Reson Med 71(6):2051–2058CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei
Authors
Geoffrey J. Topping
Christian Hundshammer
Luca Nagel
Martin Grashei
Maximilian Aigner
Jason G. Skinner
Rolf F. Schulte
Franz Schilling
Publication date
01-04-2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0968-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1352-8661
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-019-00807-6

Other articles of this Issue 2/2020

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 2/2020 Go to the issue

Research Article

Severe pulmonary regurgitation in adolescents with tetralogy of Fallot leads to increased longitudinal strain

Research Article

Semi-automatic segmentation from intrinsically-registered 18F-FDG–PET/MRI for treatment response assessment in a breast cancer cohort: comparison to manual DCE–MRI

Research Article

The reproducibility of measurements using a standardization phantom for the evaluation of fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Research Article

An MRI study of solute transport in the intervertebral disc

Correction

Correction to: Semi-automatic segmentation from intrinsically-registered 18F-FDG–PET/MRI for treatment response assessment in a breast cancer cohort: comparison to manual DCE–MRI

Research Article

Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficients for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with uterine cervical cancer