Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 3/2018

01-05-2018 | Original Article

Effect of radiation dose reduction on texture measures of trabecular bone microstructure: an in vitro study

Authors: Muthu Rama Krishnan Mookiah, Thomas Baum, Kai Mei, Felix K. Kopp, Georg Kaissis, Peter Foehr, Peter B. Noel, Jan S. Kirschke, Karupppasamy Subburaj

Published in: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism | Issue 3/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss and degradation of bone microstructure leading to fracture particularly in elderly people. Osteoporotic bone degeneration and fracture risk can be assessed by bone mineral density and trabecular bone score from 2D projection dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images. However, multidetector computed tomography image based quantification of trabecular bone microstructure showed significant improvement in prediction of fracture risk beyond that from bone mineral density and trabecular bone score; however, high radiation exposure limits its use in routine clinical in vivo examinations. Hence, this study investigated reduction of radiation dose and its effects on image quality of thoracic midvertebral specimens. Twenty-four texture features were extracted to quantify the image quality from multidetector computed tomography images of 11 thoracic midvertebral specimens, by means of statistical moments, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and the gray-level run-length matrix, and were analyzed by an independent sample t-test to observe differences in image texture with respect to radiation doses of 80, 150, 220, and 500 mAs. The results showed that three features—namely, global variance, energy, and run percentage, were not statistically significant (\(p>0.05\)) for low doses with respect to 500 mAs. Hence, it is evident that these three dose-independent features can be used for disease monitoring with a low-dose imaging protocol.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Guglielmi G, Muscarella S, Bazzocchi A (2011) Integrated imaging approach to osteoporosis: state-of-the-art review and update. Radiographics 31:1343–1364CrossRefPubMed Guglielmi G, Muscarella S, Bazzocchi A (2011) Integrated imaging approach to osteoporosis: state-of-the-art review and update. Radiographics 31:1343–1364CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Baum T, Garcia EG, Burgkart R, Gordijenko O, Liebl H, Jungmann PM, Gruber M, Zahel T, Rummeny EJ, Waldt S, Bauer JS (2015) Osteoporosis imaging: effects of bone preservation on MDCT-based trabecular bone microstructure parameters and finite element models. BMC Med Imaging 15:22CrossRef Baum T, Garcia EG, Burgkart R, Gordijenko O, Liebl H, Jungmann PM, Gruber M, Zahel T, Rummeny EJ, Waldt S, Bauer JS (2015) Osteoporosis imaging: effects of bone preservation on MDCT-based trabecular bone microstructure parameters and finite element models. BMC Med Imaging 15:22CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Jeong H, Kim J, Ishida T, Akiyama M, Kim Y (2013) Computerised analysis of osteoporotic bone patterns using texture parameters characterising bone architecture. Br J Radiol 86:1–10CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jeong H, Kim J, Ishida T, Akiyama M, Kim Y (2013) Computerised analysis of osteoporotic bone patterns using texture parameters characterising bone architecture. Br J Radiol 86:1–10CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM, Akhtar-Danesh N, Anastassiades T, Pickard L, Kennedy CC, Prior JC, Olszynski WP, Davison KS, Goltzman D, Thabane L, Gafni A, Papadimitropoulos EA, Brown JP, Josse RG, Hanley DA, Adachi JD (2009) Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Can Med Assoc J 181:265–271CrossRef Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM, Akhtar-Danesh N, Anastassiades T, Pickard L, Kennedy CC, Prior JC, Olszynski WP, Davison KS,  Goltzman D, Thabane L, Gafni A, Papadimitropoulos EA, Brown JP, Josse RG, Hanley DA, Adachi JD (2009) Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Can Med Assoc J 181:265–271CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Johnell O, Kanis J (2006) An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos int 17:1726–1733CrossRefPubMed Johnell O, Kanis J (2006) An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos int 17:1726–1733CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Valentinitsch A, Patsch J, Mueller D, Kainberger F, Langs G (2010) Texture analysis in quantitative osteoporosis assessment: characterizing microarchitecture. In: 2010 IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: from nano to macro, New York, pp 1361–1364 Valentinitsch A, Patsch J, Mueller D, Kainberger F, Langs G (2010) Texture analysis in quantitative osteoporosis assessment: characterizing microarchitecture. In: 2010 IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: from nano to macro, New York, pp 1361–1364
7.
go back to reference Bousson V, Bergot C, Sutter B, Thomas T, Bendavid S, Benhamou CL, Blain H, Brazier M, Breuil V, Briot K, Chapurlat R, Chapuis L, Cohen Solal M, Fardellone P, Feron JM, Gauvain JB, Laroche M, Legrand E, Lespessailles E, Linglart A, Marcelli C, Roux C, Souberbielle JC, Tremollieres F, Weryha G, Cortet B (2015) Trabecular bone score: where are we now? Jt Bone Spine 82:320–325CrossRef Bousson V, Bergot C, Sutter B, Thomas T, Bendavid S, Benhamou CL, Blain H, Brazier M, Breuil V, Briot K, Chapurlat R, Chapuis L, Cohen Solal M, Fardellone P, Feron JM, Gauvain JB, Laroche M, Legrand E, Lespessailles E, Linglart A, Marcelli C, Roux C, Souberbielle JC, Tremollieres F, Weryha G, Cortet B (2015) Trabecular bone score: where are we now? Jt Bone Spine 82:320–325CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Dougherty G, Henebry GM (2002) Lacunarity analysis of spatial pattern in CT images of vertebral trabecular bone for assessing osteoporosis. Med Eng Phys 24:129–138CrossRefPubMed Dougherty G, Henebry GM (2002) Lacunarity analysis of spatial pattern in CT images of vertebral trabecular bone for assessing osteoporosis. Med Eng Phys 24:129–138CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Harvey N, Glüer C, Binkley N, McCloskey E, Brandi ML, Cooper C, Kendler D, Lamy O, Laslop A, Camargos B, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Kanis JA (2015) Trabecular bone score (TBS) as a new complementary approach for osteoporosis evaluation in clinical practice. Bone 78:216–224CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Harvey N, Glüer C, Binkley N, McCloskey E, Brandi ML, Cooper C, Kendler D, Lamy O, Laslop A, Camargos B, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Kanis JA (2015) Trabecular bone score (TBS) as a new complementary approach for osteoporosis evaluation in clinical practice. Bone 78:216–224CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Di Gregorio S, Del Rio L, Rodriguez-Tolra J, Bonel E, García M, Winzenrieth R (2015) Comparison between different bone treatments on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone microarchitectural texture as assessed by the trabecular bone score (TBS). Bone 75:138–143CrossRefPubMed Di Gregorio S, Del Rio L, Rodriguez-Tolra J, Bonel E, García M, Winzenrieth R (2015) Comparison between different bone treatments on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone microarchitectural texture as assessed by the trabecular bone score (TBS). Bone 75:138–143CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kubo T, Ohno Y, Kauczor HU, Hatabu H (2014) Radiation dose reduction in chest CT—review of available options. Eur J Radiol 83:1953–1961CrossRefPubMed Kubo T, Ohno Y, Kauczor HU, Hatabu H (2014) Radiation dose reduction in chest CT—review of available options. Eur J Radiol 83:1953–1961CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Buls N, Van Gompel G, Van Cauteren T, Nieboer K, Willekens I, Verfaillie G, Evans P, Macholl S, Newton B, de Mey J (2015) Contrast agent and radiation dose reduction in abdominal CT by a combination of low tube voltage and advanced image reconstruction algorithms. Eur Radiol 25:1023–1031CrossRefPubMed Buls N, Van Gompel G, Van Cauteren T, Nieboer K, Willekens I, Verfaillie G, Evans P, Macholl S, Newton B, de Mey J (2015) Contrast agent and radiation dose reduction in abdominal CT by a combination of low tube voltage and advanced image reconstruction algorithms. Eur Radiol 25:1023–1031CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Hara AK, Paden RG, Silva AC, Kujak JL, Lawder HJ, Pavlicek W (2009) Iterative reconstruction technique for reducing body radiation dose at CT: feasibility study. Am J Roentgenol 193:764–771CrossRef Hara AK, Paden RG, Silva AC, Kujak JL, Lawder HJ, Pavlicek W (2009) Iterative reconstruction technique for reducing body radiation dose at CT: feasibility study. Am J Roentgenol 193:764–771CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Ravenel JG, Scalzetti EM, Huda W, Garrisi W (2001) Radiation exposure and image quality in chest CT examinations. Am J Roentgenol 177:279–284CrossRef Ravenel JG, Scalzetti EM, Huda W, Garrisi W (2001) Radiation exposure and image quality in chest CT examinations. Am J Roentgenol 177:279–284CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Prasad SR, Wittram C, Shepard JA, McLoud T, Rhea J (2002) Standard-dose and 50%-reduced-dose chest CT: comparing the effect on image quality. Am J Roentgenol 179:461–465CrossRef Prasad SR, Wittram C, Shepard JA, McLoud T, Rhea J (2002) Standard-dose and 50%-reduced-dose chest CT: comparing the effect on image quality. Am J Roentgenol 179:461–465CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Pachon JH, Yadava G, Pal D, Hsieh J (2012) Image quality evaluation of iterative ct reconstruction algorithms: a perspective from spatial domain noise texture measures. In: SPIE medical imaging, vol 8313. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 83132K1–83132K9 Pachon JH, Yadava G, Pal D, Hsieh J (2012) Image quality evaluation of iterative ct reconstruction algorithms: a perspective from spatial domain noise texture measures. In: SPIE medical imaging, vol 8313. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 83132K1–83132K9
18.
go back to reference Verdun F, Racine D, Ott J, Tapiovaara M, Toroi P, Bochud F, Veldkamp W, Schegerer A, Bouwman R, Giron IH, Marshall NW, Edyvean S (2015) Image quality in CT: from physical measurements to model observers. Physica Medica 31:823–843CrossRefPubMed Verdun F, Racine D, Ott J, Tapiovaara M, Toroi P, Bochud F, Veldkamp W, Schegerer A, Bouwman R, Giron IH, Marshall NW, Edyvean S (2015) Image quality in CT: from physical measurements to model observers. Physica Medica 31:823–843CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Petrou M, García Sevilla P (2006) Image processing: dealing with texture. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England Petrou M, García Sevilla P (2006) Image processing: dealing with texture. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England
20.
go back to reference Qian W, Zhukov T, Song D, Tockman MS (2007) Computerized analysis of cellular features and biomarkers for cytologic diagnosis of early lung cancer. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 29:103–111PubMed Qian W, Zhukov T, Song D, Tockman MS (2007) Computerized analysis of cellular features and biomarkers for cytologic diagnosis of early lung cancer. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 29:103–111PubMed
21.
go back to reference Krishnan MMR, Venkatraghavan V, Acharya UR, Pal M, Paul RR, Min LC, Ray AK, Chatterjee J, Chakraborty C (2012) Automated oral cancer identification using histopathological images: a hybrid feature extraction paradigm. Micron 43:352–364CrossRefPubMed Krishnan MMR, Venkatraghavan V, Acharya UR, Pal M, Paul RR, Min LC, Ray AK, Chatterjee J, Chakraborty C (2012) Automated oral cancer identification using histopathological images: a hybrid feature extraction paradigm. Micron 43:352–364CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Lessmann B, Nattkemper TW, Hans VH, Degenhard A (2007) A method for linking computed image features to histological semantics in neuropathology. J Biomed Inform 40:631–641CrossRefPubMed Lessmann B, Nattkemper TW, Hans VH, Degenhard A (2007) A method for linking computed image features to histological semantics in neuropathology. J Biomed Inform 40:631–641CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Nielsen B, Hveem TS, Kildal W, Abeler VM, Kristensen GB, Albregtsen F, Danielsen HE (2015) Entropy-based adaptive nuclear texture features are independent prognostic markers in a total population of uterine sarcomas. Cytom Part A 87:315–325CrossRef Nielsen B, Hveem TS, Kildal W, Abeler VM, Kristensen GB, Albregtsen F, Danielsen HE (2015) Entropy-based adaptive nuclear texture features are independent prognostic markers in a total population of uterine sarcomas. Cytom Part A 87:315–325CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Ferrari RJ, Rangayyan RM, Desautels JL, Frere AF (2001) Analysis of asymmetry in mammograms via directional filtering with Gabor wavelets. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20:953–964CrossRefPubMed Ferrari RJ, Rangayyan RM, Desautels JL, Frere AF (2001) Analysis of asymmetry in mammograms via directional filtering with Gabor wavelets. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20:953–964CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Wu CM, Chen YC, Hsieh KS (1992) Texture features for classification of ultrasonic liver images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 11:141–152CrossRefPubMed Wu CM, Chen YC, Hsieh KS (1992) Texture features for classification of ultrasonic liver images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 11:141–152CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Esgiar AN, Naguib RN, Sharif BS, Bennett MK, Murray A (2002) Fractal analysis in the detection of colonic cancer images. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 6:54–58CrossRefPubMed Esgiar AN, Naguib RN, Sharif BS, Bennett MK, Murray A (2002) Fractal analysis in the detection of colonic cancer images. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 6:54–58CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Lim CM, Petznick A, Suri JS (2012) Data mining technique for automated diagnosis of glaucoma using higher order spectra and wavelet energy features. Knowl Based Syst 33:73–82CrossRef Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Lim CM, Petznick A, Suri JS (2012) Data mining technique for automated diagnosis of glaucoma using higher order spectra and wavelet energy features. Knowl Based Syst 33:73–82CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Martis RJ, Chua CK, Lim CM, Ng E, Laude A (2013) Evolutionary algorithm based classifier parameter tuning for automatic diabetic retinopathy grading: a hybrid feature extraction approach. Knowl Based Syst 39:9–22CrossRef Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Martis RJ, Chua CK, Lim CM, Ng E, Laude A (2013) Evolutionary algorithm based classifier parameter tuning for automatic diabetic retinopathy grading: a hybrid feature extraction approach. Knowl Based Syst 39:9–22CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Fujita H, Koh JE, Tan JH, Chua CK, Bhandary SV, Noronha K, Laude A, Tong L (2015) Automated detection of age-related macular degeneration using empirical mode decomposition. Knowl Based Syst 89:654–668CrossRef Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Fujita H, Koh JE, Tan JH, Chua CK, Bhandary SV, Noronha K, Laude A, Tong L (2015) Automated detection of age-related macular degeneration using empirical mode decomposition. Knowl Based Syst 89:654–668CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Mookiah MRK, Tan JH, Chua CK, Ng E, Laude A, Tong L (2015) Automated characterization and detection of diabetic retinopathy using texture measures. J Mech Med Biol 15:1550045–1550079CrossRef Mookiah MRK, Tan JH, Chua CK, Ng E, Laude A, Tong L (2015) Automated characterization and detection of diabetic retinopathy using texture measures. J Mech Med Biol 15:1550045–1550079CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Dhara AK, Mukhopadhyay S, Khandelwal N (2013) 3d texture analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules using co-occurrence matrix from volumetric lung CT images. In: SPIE medical imaging, vol 8670. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 867039–867045 Dhara AK, Mukhopadhyay S, Khandelwal N (2013) 3d texture analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules using co-occurrence matrix from volumetric lung CT images. In: SPIE medical imaging, vol 8670. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 867039–867045
32.
go back to reference Anitha D, Subburaj K, Mei K, Kopp FK, Foehr P, Noel PB, Kirschke JS, Baum T (2016) Effects of dose reduction on bone strength prediction using finite element analysis. Sci Rep 6:38441 Anitha D, Subburaj K, Mei K, Kopp FK, Foehr P, Noel PB, Kirschke JS, Baum T (2016) Effects of dose reduction on bone strength prediction using finite element analysis. Sci Rep 6:38441
33.
go back to reference Perona P, Malik J (1990) Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 12:629–639CrossRef Perona P, Malik J (1990) Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 12:629–639CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2008) Digital image processing, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2008) Digital image processing, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey
35.
go back to reference Kopp FK, Holzapfel K, Baum T, Nasirudin RA, Mei K, Garcia EG, Burgkart R, Rummeny EJ, Kirschke JS, Noël PB (2016) Effect of low-dose MDCT and iterative reconstruction on trabecular bone microstructure assessment. PloS One 11:e0159903CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kopp FK, Holzapfel K, Baum T, Nasirudin RA, Mei K, Garcia EG, Burgkart R, Rummeny EJ, Kirschke JS, Noël PB (2016) Effect of low-dose MDCT and iterative reconstruction on trabecular bone microstructure assessment. PloS One 11:e0159903CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Vallières M, Freeman C, Skamene S, El Naqa I (2015) A radiomics model from joint FDG-PET and MRI texture features for the prediction of lung metastases in soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Phys Med Biol 60:5471–5496CrossRefPubMed Vallières M, Freeman C, Skamene S, El Naqa I (2015) A radiomics model from joint FDG-PET and MRI texture features for the prediction of lung metastases in soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Phys Med Biol 60:5471–5496CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Gaztañaga E, Croft R, Dalton G (1995) Variance, skewness and kurtosis: results from the APM cluster redshift survey and model predictions. Mon Not R Astron Soc 276:336–346 Gaztañaga E, Croft R, Dalton G (1995) Variance, skewness and kurtosis: results from the APM cluster redshift survey and model predictions. Mon Not R Astron Soc 276:336–346
38.
go back to reference Freedman D, Diaconis P (1981) On the histogram as a density estimator: L 2 theory. Probab Theory Relat Fields 57:453–476 Freedman D, Diaconis P (1981) On the histogram as a density estimator: L 2 theory. Probab Theory Relat Fields 57:453–476
39.
go back to reference Haralick RM, Shanmugam K et al (1973) Textural features for image classification. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 6:610–621CrossRef Haralick RM, Shanmugam K et al (1973) Textural features for image classification. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 6:610–621CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Galloway MM (1975) Texture analysis using gray level run lengths. Comput Graph Image Process 4:172–179CrossRef Galloway MM (1975) Texture analysis using gray level run lengths. Comput Graph Image Process 4:172–179CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Nailon WH (2010) Texture analysis methods for medical image characterisation. In: Mao Y (ed) Biomedical Imaging. InTech, pp 75–100 Nailon WH (2010) Texture analysis methods for medical image characterisation. In: Mao Y (ed) Biomedical Imaging. InTech, pp 75–100
42.
go back to reference Chu A, Sehgal CM, Greenleaf JF (1990) Use of gray value distribution of run lengths for texture analysis. Pattern Recognit Lett 11:415–419CrossRef Chu A, Sehgal CM, Greenleaf JF (1990) Use of gray value distribution of run lengths for texture analysis. Pattern Recognit Lett 11:415–419CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Dasarathy BV, Holder EB (1991) Image characterizations based on joint gray level-run length distributions. Pattern Recognit Lett 12:497–502CrossRef Dasarathy BV, Holder EB (1991) Image characterizations based on joint gray level-run length distributions. Pattern Recognit Lett 12:497–502CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Thibault G, Fertil B, Navarro C, Pereira S, Cau P, Levy N, Sequeira J, Mari J (2009) Texture indexes and gray level size zone matrix application to cell nuclei classification. In: 10th International Conference on Pattern recognition and information processing (PRIP), Minsk, Belarus, pp 140–145 Thibault G, Fertil B, Navarro C, Pereira S, Cau P, Levy N, Sequeira J, Mari J (2009) Texture indexes and gray level size zone matrix application to cell nuclei classification. In: 10th International Conference on Pattern recognition and information processing (PRIP), Minsk, Belarus, pp 140–145
45.
go back to reference Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (2007) Computed tomography-an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 357:2277–2284CrossRefPubMed Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (2007) Computed tomography-an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 357:2277–2284CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Yu L, Liu X, Leng S, Kofler JM, Ramirez-Giraldo JC, Qu M, Christner J, Fletcher JG, McCollough CH (2009) Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography: techniques and future perspective. Imaging Med 1:65–84CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yu L, Liu X, Leng S, Kofler JM, Ramirez-Giraldo JC, Qu M, Christner J, Fletcher JG, McCollough CH (2009) Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography: techniques and future perspective. Imaging Med 1:65–84CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
go back to reference Kubo T, Lin PJP, Stiller W, Takahashi M, Kauczor HU, Ohno Y, Hatabu H (2008) Radiation dose reduction in chest CT: a review. Am J Roentgenol 190:335–343CrossRef Kubo T, Lin PJP, Stiller W, Takahashi M, Kauczor HU, Ohno Y, Hatabu H (2008) Radiation dose reduction in chest CT: a review. Am J Roentgenol 190:335–343CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Showalter C, Clymer BD, Richmond B, Powell K (2006) Three-dimensional texture analysis of cancellous bone cores evaluated at clinical CT resolutions. Osteoporos Int 17:259–266CrossRefPubMed Showalter C, Clymer BD, Richmond B, Powell K (2006) Three-dimensional texture analysis of cancellous bone cores evaluated at clinical CT resolutions. Osteoporos Int 17:259–266CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Raja J , Khan M, Ramachandra V, Al-Kadi O (2014) Texture analysis of CT images in the characterization of oral cancers involving buccal mucosa. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 41:475–480 Raja J , Khan M, Ramachandra V, Al-Kadi O (2014) Texture analysis of CT images in the characterization of oral cancers involving buccal mucosa. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 41:475–480
50.
51.
go back to reference Suoranta S, Holli-Helenius K, Koskenkorva P, Niskanen E, Könönen M, Äikiä M, Eskola H, Kälviäinen R, Vanninen R (2013) 3d texture analysis reveals imperceptible MRI textural alterations in the thalamus and putamen in progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1, EPM1. PloS One 8:e69905CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Suoranta S, Holli-Helenius K, Koskenkorva P, Niskanen E, Könönen M, Äikiä M, Eskola H, Kälviäinen R, Vanninen R (2013) 3d texture analysis reveals imperceptible MRI textural alterations in the thalamus and putamen in progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1, EPM1. PloS One 8:e69905CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Metadata
Title
Effect of radiation dose reduction on texture measures of trabecular bone microstructure: an in vitro study
Authors
Muthu Rama Krishnan Mookiah
Thomas Baum
Kai Mei
Felix K. Kopp
Georg Kaissis
Peter Foehr
Peter B. Noel
Jan S. Kirschke
Karupppasamy Subburaj
Publication date
01-05-2018
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0914-8779
Electronic ISSN: 1435-5604
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-017-0836-5

Other articles of this Issue 3/2018

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 3/2018 Go to the issue