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01-08-2019 | Hepatitis B | Review

Intertwined: SAMHD1 cellular functions, restriction, and viral evasion strategies

Authors: Catharina Majer, Jan Moritz Schüssler, Renate König

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 3-4/2019

Abstract

SAMHD1 was initially described for its ability to efficiently restrict HIV-1 replication in myeloid cells and resting CD4⁺ T cells. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that SAMHD1-mediated restriction is by far not limited to lentiviruses, but seems to be a general concept that applies to most retroviruses and at least a number of DNA viruses. SAMHD1 anti-viral activity was long believed to be solely due to its ability to deplete cellular dNTPs by enzymatic degradation. However, since its discovery, several new functions have been attributed to SAMHD1. It has been demonstrated to bind nucleic acids, to modulate innate immunity, as well as to participate in the DNA damage response and resolution of stalled replication forks. Consequently, it is likely that SAMHD1-mediated anti-viral activity is not or not exclusively mediated through its dNTPase activity. Therefore, in this review, we summarize current knowledge on SAMHD1 cellular functions and systematically discuss how these functions could contribute to the restriction of a broad range of viruses besides retroviruses: herpesviruses, poxviruses and hepatitis B virus. Furthermore, we aim to highlight different ways how viruses counteract SAMHD1-mediated restriction to bypass the SAMHD1-mediated block to viral infection.

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Title: Intertwined: SAMHD1 cellular functions, restriction, and viral evasion strategies
Authors: Catharina Majer
Jan Moritz Schüssler
Renate König
Publication date: 01-08-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Hepatitis B
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 3-4/2019
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-019-00593-x

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