Top

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Published in:

01-07-2021 | Coronavirus | Review

A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates

Authors: Mona Mirbeyk, Amene Saghazadeh, Nima Rezaei

Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, with an incredible contagion rate. However, the vertical transmission of COVID-19 is uncertain.

Objectives

This is a systematic review of published studies concerning pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 and their neonates.

Search strategy

We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO COVID-19 database using the following keywords: (Coronavirus) OR (novel coronavirus) OR (COVID-19) OR (COVID19) OR (COVID 19) OR (SARS-CoV2) OR (2019-nCoV)) and ((pregnancy) OR (pregnant) OR (vertical transmission) OR (neonate) OR (newborn) OR (placenta) OR (fetus) OR (Fetal)). The search took place in April 2020.

Selection criteria

Original articles published in English were eligible if they included pregnant patients infected with COVID-19 and their newborns.

Data collection and analyses

The outcomes of interest consisted of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in pregnant patients with COVID-19 and also the effect of COVID-19 on neonatal and pregnancy outcomes.

Main results

37 articles involving 364 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 302 neonates were included. The vast majority of pregnant patients were in their third trimester of pregnancy, and only 45 cases were in the first or second trimester (12.4%). Most mothers described mild to moderate manifestations of COVID-19. Of 364 pregnant women, 25 were asymptomatic at the time of admission. The most common symptoms were fever (62.4%) and cough (45.3%). Two maternal deaths occurred. Some pregnant patients (12.1%) had a negative SARS‐CoV‐2 test but displayed clinical manifestations and abnormalities in computed tomography (CT) scan related to COVID‐19. Twenty‐two (6.0%) pregnant patients developed severe pneumonia. Two maternal deaths occurred from severe pneumonia and multiple organ dysfunction. Studies included a total of 302 neonates from mothers with COVID‐19. Of the studies that provided data on the timing of birth, there were 65 (23.6%) preterm neonates. One baby was born dead from a mother who also died from COVID-19. Of the babies born alive from mothers with COVID‐19, five newborns faced critical conditions, and two later died. A total of 219 neonates underwent nasopharyngeal specimen collection for SARS‐CoV‐2, of which 11 tested positive (5%). Seventeen studies examined samples of the placenta, breast milk, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid, and all tested negative except one amniotic fluid sample.

Conclusions

A systematic review of published studies confirm that the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women resembles that of other populations. However, there is not sufficient evidence to establish an idea that COVID-19 would not complicate pregnancy.

Hanaei S, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19: developing from an outbreak to a pandemic. Arch Med Res 51(6):582–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.021CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baud D, Qi X, Nielsen-Saines K, Musso D, Pomar L, Favre G (2020) Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection. Lancet Infect Dis 20(7):773CrossRef

Hessami A, Shamshirian A, Heydari K, Pourali F, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Moosazadeh M, Abrotan S, Shojaie L, Sedighi S, Shamshirian D, Rezaei N (2020) Cardiovascular diseases burden in COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.022CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jabalameli N, Rajabi F, Firooz A, Rezaei N (2021) The overlap between genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 and skin diseases. Immunol Invest. https://doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2021.1876086CrossRefPubMed

Jahanshahlu L, Rezaei N (2020) Central nervous system involvement in COVID-19. Arch Med Res 51(7):721–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.016CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nejadghaderi SA, Heidari A, Shakerian N, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Cardiovascular system is at higher risk of affecting by COVID-19. Acta Biomed 91(3):e2020018. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i3.9718CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Saleki K, Banazadeh M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) The involvement of the central nervous system in patients with COVID-19. Rev Neurosci 31(4):453–456. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2020-0026CrossRefPubMed

Vakhshoori M, Heidarpour M, Shafie D, Taheri M, Rezaei N, Sarrafzadegan N (2020) Acute cardiac injury in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Iran Med 23(11):801–812. https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.107CrossRefPubMed

Yazdanpanah N, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Anosmia: a missing link in the neuroimmunology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rev Neurosci 31(7):691–701. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2020-0039CrossRefPubMed

10.

Heidarpour M, Vakhshoori M, Abbasi S, Shafie D, Rezaei N (2020) Adrenal insufficiency in coronavirus disease 2019: a case report. J Med Case Rep 14(1):134. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-020-02461-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Goudarzi S, Dehghani Firouzabadi F, Dehghani Firouzabadi M, Rezaei N (2020) Cutaneous lesions and COVID-19: cystic painful lesion in a case with positive SARS-CoV-2. Dermatol Ther 33(6):e14266. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14266CrossRefPubMed

12.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395(10223):497–506CrossRef

13.

Aleebrahim-Dehkordi E, Soveyzi F, Deravi N, Rabbani Z, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2021) Human Coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in children. J Pediatr Nurs 56:70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.10.020CrossRefPubMed

14.

Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19: transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clin Chim Acta 508:254–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.044CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Lotfi M, Rezaei N (2020) SARS-CoV-2: a comprehensive review from pathogenicity of the virus to clinical consequences. J Med Virol 92(10):1864–1874. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26123CrossRefPubMed

16.

Rokni M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2020) Cytokines and COVID-19: friends or foes? Hum Vaccin Immunother 16(10):2363–2365. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1799669CrossRefPubMed

17.

Yazdanpanah F, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2020) The immune system and COVID-19: friend or foe? Life Sci 256:117900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117900CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Ahanchian H, Moazzen N, Joghatayi SH, Saeidinia A, Khoshkhui M, Aelami MH, Rezaei N, Haghi NSM (2020) Death due to COVID-19 in an infant with combined immunodeficiencies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666201021142313CrossRefPubMed

19.

Babaha F, Rezaei N (2020) Primary immunodeficiency diseases in COVID-19 pandemic: a predisposing or protective factor? Am J Med Sci 360(6):740–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.027CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Bahrami A, Vafapour M, Moazzami B, Rezaei N (2020) Hyperinflammatory shock related to COVID-19 in a patient presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: first case from Iran. J Paediatr Child Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15048CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Delavari S, Abolhassani H, Abolnezhadian F, Babaha F, Iranparast S, Ahanchian H, Moazzen N, Nabavi M, Arshi S, Fallahpour M, Bemanian MH, Shokri S, Momen T, Sadeghi-Shabestari M, Molatefi R, Shirkani A, Vosughimotlagh A, Safarirad M, Sharifzadeh M, Pashangzadeh S, Salami F, Shirmast P, Rezaei A, Moeini Shad T, Mohraz M, Rezaei N, Hammarström L, Yazdani R, Aghamohamamdi A (2021) Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on patients with primary immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 41(2):345–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-020-00928-xCrossRefPubMed

22.

Khosroshahi LM, Rezaei N (2020) Dysregulation of the immune response in COVID-19. Cell Biol Int. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11517CrossRef

23.

Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Immune-epidemiological parameters of the novel coronavirus - a perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 16(5):465–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666x.2020.1750954CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Torabi-Rahvar M, Rezaei N (2020) Storm at the time of Corona: a glimpse at the current understanding and therapeutic opportunities of the SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm. Curr Pharm Des. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666201125102649CrossRefPubMed

25.

Mojtabavi H, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Interleukin-6 and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Cytokine Netw 31(2):44–49. https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2020.0448CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Sarzaeim M, Rezaei N (2020) Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00558-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Nasab MG, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) SARS-CoV-2-A tough opponent for the immune system. Arch Med Res 51(6):589–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.020CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Yang H, Wang C, Poon LC (2020) Novel coronavirus infection and pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 55(4):435–437CrossRef

29.

Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 affects healthy pediatricians more than pediatric patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 41(9):1106–1107. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.139CrossRefPubMed

30.

Favre G, Pomar L, Musso D, Baud D (2020) 2019-nCoV epidemic: what about pregnancies? Lancet 395(10224):e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30311-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Ashokka B, Loh M-H, Tan CH, Su LL, Young BE, Lye DC, Biswas A, Illanes E, S, Choolani M, (2020) Care of the pregnant woman with COVID-19 in labor and delivery: anesthesia, emergency cesarean delivery, differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, care of the newborn, and protection of the healthcare personnel. Am J Obstet Gynecol 223(1):66CrossRef

32.

Dashraath P, Jing Lin Jeslyn W, Mei Xian Karen L, Li Min L, Sarah L, Biswas A, Arjandas Choolani M, Mattar C, Lin SL (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 41:7

33.

Mayor S (2020) Covid-19: Nine in 10 pregnant women with infection when admitted for delivery are asymptomatic, small study finds. BMJ 369:m1485. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1485CrossRefPubMed

34.

Schwartz DA, Graham AL (2020) Potential maternal and infant outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV infecting pregnant women: lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020194CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Omer S, Ali S, Babar ZUD (2020) Preventive measures and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Drugs Ther Perspect. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-020-00725-xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Wu X, Sun R, Chen J, Xie Y, Zhang S, Wang X (2020) Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13165CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Wen R, Sun P, Xing Q-S (2020) A patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in Qingdao, China. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.004CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Vlachodimitropoulou Koumoutsea E, Vivanti AJ, Shehata N, Benachi A, Le Gouez A, Desconclois C, Whittle W, Snelgrove J, Malinowski KA (2020) COVID19 and acute coagulopathy in pregnancy. J Thromb Haemost. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14856CrossRefPubMed

39.

Zeng LK, Tao XW, Yuan WH, Wang J, Liu X, Liu ZS (2020) First case of neonate infected with novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 58:E009. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.0009CrossRefPubMed

40.

Schwartz DA (2020) An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes. Arch Pathol Lab Med. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2020-0901-SACrossRefPubMed

41.

Lei D, Wang C, Li C, Fang C, Yang W, Chen B, Wei M, Xu X, Yang H, Wang S, Fan C (2020) Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy: analysis of nine cases. Chin J Perinat Med 23(3):159–165

42.

Breslin N, Baptiste C, Miller R, Fuchs K, Goffman D, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, D’Alton M (2020) COVID-19 in pregnancy: early lessons. Am J Obstet Gynecol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100111CrossRef

43.

Zeng H, Xu C, Fan J, Tang Y, Deng Q, Zhang W, Long X (2020) Antibodies in infants born to mothers With COVID-19 Pneumonia. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4861CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Zhang L, Jiang Y, Wei M, Cheng BH, Zhou XC, Li J, Tian JH, Dong L, Hu RH (2020) Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 55:E009. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200218-00111CrossRef

45.

Song L, Xiao W, Ling K, Yao S, Chen X (2020) Anesthetic management for emergent cesarean delivery in a parturient with recent diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a case report. Transl Perioper Pain Med. https://doi.org/10.31480/2330-4871/118

46.

Khan S, Jun L, Nawsherwan SR, Li Y, Han G, Xue M, Nabi G, Liu J (2020) Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.034CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Li Y, Zhao R, Zheng S, Chen X, Wang J, Sheng X, Zhou J, Cai H, Fang Q, Yu F, Fan J, Xu K, Chen Y, Sheng J (2020) Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2, China. Emerg Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200287CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhu F, Tang Y, Shen X (2020) A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery. Clin Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

49.

Liao X, Yang H, Kong J, Yang H (2020) Chest CT findings in a pregnant patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Balkan Med J 37(4):226–228PubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, Xia S, Zhou W (2020) Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 9(1):51–60. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.02.06CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Chen S, Liao E, Shao Y (2020) Clinical analysis of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Med Virol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25789CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, Li J, Zhao D, Xu D, Gong Q, Liao J, Yang H, Hou W, Zhang Y (2020) Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 395(10226):809–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30360-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Chen L, Li Q, Zheng D, Jiang H, Wei Y, Zou L, Feng L, Xiong G, Sun G, Wang H, Zhao Y, Qiao J (2020) Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with Covid-19 in Wuhan, China. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009226CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Yang P, Wang X, Liu P, Wei C, He B, Zheng J, Zhao D (2020) Clinical characteristics and risk assessment of newborns born to mothers with COVID-19. J Clin Virol 127:104356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104356CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Liu W, Wang J, Li W, Zhou Z, Liu S, Rong Z (2020) Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Front Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0772-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Yu N, Li W, Kang Q, Xiong Z, Wang S, Lin X, Liu Y, Xiao J, Liu H, Deng D, Chen S, Zeng W, Feng L, Wu J (2020) Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 20(5):559–564CrossRef

57.

Sun G, Tang F, Peng M, Gao Y, Peng J, Xie H, Zhao Y, Jin Z (2020) Clinical Features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Infect 88(1):e40–e44

58.

Liu Y, Chen H, Tang K, Guo Y (2020) Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. J Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Chen L, Chen J, Zhang B, Lu Y, Wang S, Xia L, Huang L, Wang K, Liang L, Zhang Y, Turtle L, Lissauer D, Lan K, Feng L, Yu H, Liu Y, Sun Z (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: a case series. https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202002.0373/v1

60.

Breslin N, Baptiste C, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Miller R, Martinez R, Bernstein K, Ring L, Landau R, Purisch S, Friedman AM, Fuchs K, Sutton D, Andrikopoulou M, Rupley D, Sheen JJ, Aubey J, Zork N, Moroz L, Mourad M, Wapner R, Simpson LL, D’Alton ME, Goffman D (2020) COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals. Am J Obstet Gynecol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100118CrossRef

61.

Khan S, Peng L, Siddique R, Nabi G, Nawsherwan u, Xue M, Liu J, Han G, (2020) Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to-neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.84CrossRef

62.

Chen D, Xu W, Lei Z, Huang Z, Liu J, Gao Z, Peng L (2020) Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 93:297–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.003CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Kalafat E, Yaprak E, Cinar G, Varli B, Ozisik S, Uzun C, Azap A, Koc A (2020) Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID-19. Ultrasound in Obstetrics Gynecology 55(6):835–837CrossRef

64.

Li N, Han L, Peng M, Lv Y, Ouyang Y, Liu K, Yue L, Li Q, Sun G, Chen L, Yang L (2020) Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa352CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Karami P, Naghavi M, Feyzi A, Aghamohammadi M, Novin MS, Mobaien A, Qorbanisani M, Karami A, Norooznezhad AH (2020) Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: a case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. Travel Med Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101665CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Zeng L, Xia S, Yuan W, Yan K, Xiao F, Shao J, Zhou W (2020) Neonatal early-onset infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Zhang ZJ, Yu XJ, Fu T, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Yang BX, Bi Y (2020) Novel Coronavirus infection in newborn babies under 28 days in China. Eur Respir J. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00697-2020CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Fan C, Lei D, Fang C, Li C, Wang M, Liu Y, Bao Y, Sun Y, Huang J, Guo Y, Yu Y, Wang S (2020) Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: should we worry? Clin Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa226CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

69.

Dong L, Tian J, He S, Zhu C, Wang J, Liu C, Yang J (2020) Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4621CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, Yang L, Zheng C (2020) Pregnancy and Perinatal outcomes of women with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: a preliminary analysis. Am J Roentgenol. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23072CrossRef

71.

Zambrano LI, Fuentes-Barahona IC, Bejarano-Torres DA, Bustillo C, Gonzales G, Vallecillo-Chinchilla G, Sanchez-Martinez FE, Valle-Reconco JA, Sierra M, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Cardona-Ospina JA, Rodriguez-Morales AJ (2020) A pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Central America. Travel Med Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101639CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

72.

Chen S, Huang B, Luo DJ, Li X, Yang F, Zhao Y, Nie X, Huang BX (2020) Pregnant women with new coronavirus infection: a clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 49:E005. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200225-00138CrossRef

73.

Zamaniyan M, Ebadi A, Aghajanpoor Mir S, Rahmani Z, Haghshenas M, Azizi S (2020) Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and vertical transmission. Prenat Diagn. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5713CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Alzamora MC, Paredes T, Caceres D, Webb CM, Valdez LM, La Rosa M (2020) Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. Am J Perinatol. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710050CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

75.

Peng Z, Wang J, Mo Y, Duan W, Xiang G, Yi M, Bao L, Shi Y (2020) Unlikely SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from mother to child: A case report. J Infect Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.04.004CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Xiong X, Wei H, Zhang Z, Chang J, Ma X, Gao X, Chen Q, Pang Q (2020) Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID-19. J Med Virol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25857CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

77.

(WHO) WHO (2020) WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int. Accessed 21 Apr 2020

78.

Knight M, Bunch K, Vousden N, Morris E, Simpson N, Gale C, O’Brien P, Quigley M, Brocklehurst P, Kurinczuk JJ (2020) Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study. BMJ 369:m2107. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2107CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

CRONOS Register. https://www.dgpm-online.org/index.php?id=60

80.

Basiri A, Heidari A, Nadi MF, Fallahy MTP, Nezamabadi SS, Sedighi M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2021) Microfluidic devices for detection of RNA viruses. Rev Med Virol 31(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2154CrossRefPubMed

81.

Rabiee N, Rabiee M, Bagherzadeh M, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 and picotechnology: Potential opportunities. Med Hypotheses 144:109917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109917CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

82.

Tantuoyir MM, Rezaei N (2020) Serological tests for COVID-19: potential opportunities. Cell Biol Int. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11516CrossRefPubMedCentral

83.

Jabbari P, Rezaei N (2020) With risk of reinfection, is COVID-19 here to stay? Disaster Med Public Health Prep 14(4):e33. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.274CrossRefPubMed

84.

Basiri A, Pazhouhnia Z, Beheshtizadeh N, Hoseinpour M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Regenerative medicine in COVID-19 treatment: real opportunities and range of promises. Stem Cell Rev Rep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-09994-5CrossRefPubMedCentral

85.

Jahanshahlu L, Rezaei N (2020) Monoclonal antibody as a potential anti-COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 129:110337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110337CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

86.

Lotfi M, Rezaei N (2020) CRISPR/Cas13: a potential therapeutic option of COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 131:110738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110738CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

87.

Mansourabadi AH, Sadeghalvad M, Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Rezaei N (2020) The immune system as a target for therapy of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review of the current immunotherapies for COVID-19. Life Sci 258:118185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118185CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

88.

Mohamed K, Yazdanpanah N, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2021) Computational drug discovery and repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review. Bioorg Chem 106:104490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104490CrossRefPubMed

89.

Moradian N, Gouravani M, Salehi MA, Heidari A, Shafeghat M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2020) Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality. Eur Cytokine Netw 31(3):81–93. https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2020.0451CrossRefPubMed

90.

Palit P, Chattopadhyay D, Thomas S, Kundu A, Kim HS, Rezaei N (2020) Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19? Phytomedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153396CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

91.

Peymani P, Dehesh T, Aligolighasemabadi F, Sadeghdoust M, Kotfis K, Ahmadi M, Mehrbod P, Iranpour P, Dastghaib S, Nasimian A, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Sharma P, Shojaei S, Bagheri Lankarani K, Madej A, Rezaei N, Madrakian T, Los MJ, Labouta HI, Mokarram P, Ghavami S (2021) Statins in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in Iranian COVID-19 patients. Transl Med Commun 6(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-021-00082-5CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

92.

Pourahmad R, Moazzami B, Rezaei N (2020) Efficacy of plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG) on patients with COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00438-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

93.

Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Towards treatment planning of COVID-19: rationale and hypothesis for the use of multiple immunosuppressive agents: anti-antibodies, immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids. Int Immunopharmacol 84:106560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106560CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

94.

Seyedpour S, Khodaei B, Loghman AH, Seyedpour N, Kisomi MF, Balibegloo M, Nezamabadi SS, Gholami B, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Targeted therapy strategies against SARS-CoV-2 cell entry mechanisms: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies. J Cell Physiol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.30032CrossRefPubMed

95.

Shojaeefar E, Malih N, Rezaei N (2021) The possible double-edged sword effects of vitamin D on COVID-19: a hypothesis. Cell Biol Int 45(1):54–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11469CrossRefPubMed

96.

Zarandi PK, Zinatizadeh MR, Zinatizadeh M, Yousefi MH, Rezaei N (2021) SARS-CoV-2: from the pathogenesis to potential anti-viral treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 137:111352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111352CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

97.

Fathi N, Rezaei N (2020) Lymphopenia in COVID-19: therapeutic opportunities. Cell Biol Int 44(9):1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11403CrossRefPubMed

98.

Pezeshki PS, Rezaei N (2021) Immune checkpoint inhibition in COVID-19: risks and benefits. Expert Opin Biol Ther. https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2021.1887131CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

99.

Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 and medical biotechnology. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 12(3):139PubMedPubMedCentral

100.

Sharifkashani S, Bafrani MA, Khaboushan AS, Pirzadeh M, Kheirandish A, Yavarpour Bali H, Hessami A, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and SARS-CoV-2: potential therapeutic targeting. Eur J Pharmacol 884:173455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173455CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

101.

Torabi S, Bahreini F, Rezaei N (2020) The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 induced lung injury. Acta Biomed 91(4):e2020142. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i4.10159CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

102.

Pashaei M, Rezaei N (2020) Immunotherapy for SARS-CoV-2: potential opportunities. Expert Opin Biol Ther 20(10):1111–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2020.1807933CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

103.

Moazzami B, Razavi-Khorasani N, Dooghaie Moghadam A, Farokhi E, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 and telemedicine: immediate action required for maintaining healthcare providers well-being. J Clin Virol 126:104345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104345CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

104.

Jabbari P, Taraghikhah N, Jabbari F, Ebrahimi S, Rezaei N (2020) Adherence of the general public to self-protection guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.445CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

105.

Jabbari P, Jabbari F, Ebrahimi S, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19: a chimera of two pandemics. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 14(3):e38–e39. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.223CrossRefPubMed

106.

Samieefar N, Yari Boroujeni R, Jamee M, Lotfi M, Golabchi MR, Afshar A, Miri H, Khazeei Tabari MA, Darzi P, Abdullatif Khafaie M, Amirheidari B, Tamadon A, Rambod Rad N, Samimi N, Farjam M, Shiravi F, Farshidi N, Hedayati ChM, Doostkamel D, Alikhani R, Razmkhah M, Abdollahifard S, Nasiri Kalmarzi R, Kelishadi R, Khazaei H, Aghamohammadi A, Jafari Mousavi FS, Shamsizadeh M, Khojasteh A, Rezaei N (2020) Country quarantine during COVID-19: critical or not? Disaster Med Public Health Prep. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.384CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

107.

Hanaei S, Takian A, Majdzadeh R, Maboloc CR, Grossmann I, Gomes O, Milosevic M, Gupta M, Shamshirsaz AA, Harbi A, Burhan AM, Uddin LQ, Kulasinghe A, Lam CM, Ramakrishna S, Alavi A, Nouwen JL, Dorigo T, Schreiber M, Abraham A, Shelkovaya N, Krysztofiak W, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Sellke F, Ogino S, Barba FJ, Brand S, Vasconcelos C, Salunke DB, Rezaei N (2020) Emerging Standards and the hybrid model for organizing scientific events during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.406CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

108.

Salehi M, Amanat M, Mohammadi M, Salmanian M, Rezaei N, Saghazadeh A, Garakani A (2021) The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder related symptoms in Coronavirus outbreaks: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 282:527–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.188CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

109.

Darbeheshti F, Rezaei N (2020) Genetic predisposition models to COVID-19 infection. Med Hypotheses 142:109818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109818CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

110.

Hassan SS, Ghosh S, Attrish D, Choudhury PP, Aljabali AAA, Uhal BD, Lundstrom K, Rezaei N, Uversky VN, Seyran M, Pizzol D, Adadi P, Soares A, El-Aziz TMA, Kandimalla R, Tambuwala MM, Azad GK, Sherchan SP, Baetas-da-Cruz W, Takayama K, Serrano-Aroca Á, Chauhan G, Palu G, Brufsky AM (2020) Possible transmission flow of SARS-CoV-2 based on ACE2 features. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245906CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

111.

Lundstrom K, Seyran M, Pizzol D, Adadi P, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz T, Hassan SS, Soares A, Kandimalla R, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Kumar Azad G, Pal Choudhury P, Uversky VN, Sherchan SP, Uhal BD, Rezaei N, Brufsky AM (2020) Viewpoint: origin of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12111203CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

112.

Seyran M, Pizzol D, Adadi P, El-Aziz TMA, Hassan SS, Soares A, Kandimalla R, Lundstrom K, Tambuwala M, Aljabali AAA, Lal A, Azad GK, Choudhury PP, Uversky VN, Sherchan SP, Uhal BD, Rezaei N, Brufsky AM (2020) Questions concerning the proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26478CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

113.

Yousefzadegan S, Rezaei N (2020) Case report: death due to COVID-19 in three brothers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102(6):1203–1204. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0240CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

114.

Khanmohammadi S, Rezaei N (2021) Role of Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. J Med Virol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26826CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

115.

Razavi A, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2021) COVID-19 in patients with cancer: risks and precautions. Am J Emerg Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.01.067CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

116.

Safdarian AR, Momenzadeh K, Kahe F, Farhangnia P, Rezaei N (2020) Death due to COVID-19 in a patient with diabetes, epilepsy, and gout comorbidities. Clin Case Rep 9(1):461–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3557CrossRefPubMedCentral

117.

Sadeghmousavi S, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis: predisposition and precautions in treatment. SN Compr Clin Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00504-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

118.

Seyran M, Takayama K, Uversky VN, Lundstrom K, Palù G, Sherchan SP, Attrish D, Rezaei N, Aljabali AAA, Ghosh S, Pizzol D, Chauhan G, Adadi P, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz T, Soares AG, Kandimalla R, Tambuwala M, Hassan SS, Azad GK, Pal Choudhury P, Baetas-da-Cruz W, Serrano-Aroca Á, Brufsky AM, Uhal BD (2020) The structural basis of accelerated host cell entry by SARS-CoV-2†. FEBS J. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15651CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

119.

Jenab Y, Rezaei N, Hedayat B, Naderian M, Shirani S, Hosseini K (2020) Occurrence of acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cerebrovascular event in COVID-19. Clin Case Rep 8(12):2414–2417. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3112CrossRefPubMedCentral

120.

Sahu KK, Siddiqui AD, Rezaei N, Cerny J (2020) Challenges for management of immune thrombocytopenia during COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol 92(11):2277–2282. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26251CrossRefPubMed

121.

Figueiro-Filho EA, Yudin M, Farine D (2020) COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries. J Perinat Med 48(9):900–911. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0364CrossRefPubMed

122.

Zupan J (2005) Perinatal mortality in developing countries. N Engl J Med 352(20):2047–2048. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp058032CrossRefPubMed

123.

Mohamed K, Rezaei N, Rodríguez-Román E, Rahmani F, Zhang H, Ivanovska M, Makka SA, Joya M, Makuku R, Md Shahidul I, Nesrine R, Laila R, Goda R, Sunny OA, Mujtaba S, Zoghi S, Irtsyan S, Ling I, Orsolya C, Attig-Bahar F, Hazar Sayar E, Soloukey C, Giulia G (2020) International efforts to save healthcare personnel during COVID-19. Acta Biomed 91(3):e2020044PubMedPubMedCentral

124.

Mohamed K, Rodríguez-Román E, Rahmani F, Zhang H, Ivanovska M, Makka SA, Joya M, Makuku R, Islam MS, Radwan N, Rahmah L, Goda R, Abarikwu SO, Shaw M, Zoghi S, Irtsyan S, Ling I, Cseprekal O, Faten AB, Hazar Sayar E, Soloukey C, Grancini G, Rezaei N (2020) Borderless collaboration is needed for COVID-19-A disease that knows no borders. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 41(10):1245–1246. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.162CrossRefPubMed

125.

Momtazmanesh S, Ochs HD, Uddin LQ, Perc M, Routes JM, Vieira DN, Al-Herz W, Baris S, Prando C, Rosivall L, Abdul Latiff AH, Ulrichs T, Roudenok V, Aldave Becerra JC, Salunke DB, Goudouris E, Condino-Neto A, Stashchak A, Kryvenko O, Stashchak M, Bondarenko A, Rezaei N (2020) All together to Fight COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102(6):1181–1183. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0281CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

126.

Moradian N, Ochs HD, Sedikies C, Hamblin MR, Camargo CA Jr, Martinez JA, Biamonte JD, Abdollahi M, Torres PJ, Nieto JJ, Ogino S, Seymour JF, Abraham A, Cauda V, Gupta S, Ramakrishna S, Sellke FW, Sorooshian A, Wallace Hayes A, Martinez-Urbistondo M, Gupta M, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A, Kelishadi R, Esteghamati A, Emam-Djomeh Z, Majdzadeh R, Palit P, Badali H, Rao I, Saboury AA, Jagan Mohan Rao L, Ahmadieh H, Montazeri A, Fadini GP, Pauly D, Thomas S, Moosavi-Movahed AA, Aghamohammadi A, Behmanesh M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Ghavami S, Mehran R, Uddin LQ, Von Herrath M, Mobasher B, Rezaei N (2020) The urgent need for integrated science to fight COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. J Transl Med 18(1):205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02364-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

127.

Mohamed K, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 pandemic is not the time of trial and error. Am J Emerg Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.020CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Title: A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates
Authors: Mona Mirbeyk
Amene Saghazadeh
Nima Rezaei
Publication date: 01-07-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Coronavirus
Computed Tomography
Computed Tomography
Cough
SARS-CoV-2
Cough
Sectio Ceasarea
Pneumonia
Cough
COVID-19
Sectio Caesarea
Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-021-06049-z

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates

Abstract

Background

Objectives

Search strategy

Selection criteria

Data collection and analyses

Main results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Objectives

Search strategy

Selection criteria

Data collection and analyses

Main results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Anxiety, depression and concerns of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic

Maternal and fetal outcomes of dengue fever in pregnancy: a large prospective and descriptive observational study

When and how should peritoneal endometriosis be operated on in order to improve fertility rates and symptoms? The experience and outcomes of nearly 100 cases

Correction to: Ultrasound diagnosis of microcephaly: a comparison of three reference curves and postnatal diagnosis

Ovarian torsion: can we save the ovary?

Diagnostic accuracy of random urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio for proteinuria in patients with suspected pre-eclampsia