Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-06-2018 | Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Authors: Rafał Kocyłowski, Iwona Lewicka, Mariusz Grzesiak, Zuzanna Gaj, Anna Sobańska, Joanna Poznaniak, Constantin von Kaisenberg, Joanna Suliburska

Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Issue 6/2018

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women and their nutritional status of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu, as the nutritional status of pregnant women is an important factor for the proper progression of a pregnancy and the development and health of the foetus.

Methods

The study was conducted on 108 pregnant women ages 18–42, at 6–32 weeks of gestation. We used a questionnaire and a 24-h recall nutrition interview. Hair samples were taken for testing and the level of each mineral was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were analysed using the Dietetyk and Statistica 10 software.

Results

Low levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid intake were seen in the pregnant women, with the use of dietary supplements significantly increasing their intake of Fe, Zn, and folic acid. The concentration of zinc and magnesium in the women’s hair was shown to be affected by their age and, in the case of magnesium, by the week of pregnancy.

Conclusions

It was observed that the diet of pregnant women is characterised by low levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid. Dietary supplementation with vitamins and minerals significantly increases the daily Fe and folic acid intake in pregnant women. The concentration of Zn and Mg in hair depends on the age of pregnant women and Mg level in the hair of women decreases during pregnancy.

Kominiarek MA, Rajan P (2016) Nutrition recommendations in pregnancy and lactation. Med Clin North Am 100:1199–1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.004 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dai RX, He XJ, Hu CL (2018) Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of macrosomia: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 297(1):139–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4573-8 CrossRefPubMed

Rauschert S, Kirchberg FF, Marchioro L et al (2017) Early programming of obesity throughout the life course: a metabolomics perspective. Ann Nutr Metab. https://doi.org/10.1159/000459635 PubMed

Moody L, Chen H, Pan YX (2017) Early-life nutritional programming of cognition—the fundamental role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the relation between early-life environment and learning and memory process. Adv Nutr 8:337–350. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.014209 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

de Paula Simino LA, de Fante T, Figueiredo Fontana M et al (2017) Lipid overload during gestation and lactation can independently alter lipid homeostasis in offspring and promote metabolic impairment after new challenge to high-fat diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 20:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-017-0168-4 CrossRef

Bulduk EÖ, Bulduk S, Coşkun BB (2017) Effects of dietary advice on insulin-like growth factors among healthy newborns. Arch Gynecol Obstet. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4645-9 PubMed

Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2013) Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for Energy. EFSA J 11:3005–3016CrossRef

Marangoni F, Cetin I, Verduci E et al (2016) Maternal diet and nutrient requirements in pregnancy and breastfeeding. An Italian consensus document. Nutrients 8:E629CrossRefPubMed

Koletzko B, Bauer CP, Bung P et al (2013) German national consensus recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle in pregnancy by the ‘Healthy Start—Young Family Network’. Ann Nutr Metab 63:311–322. https://doi.org/10.1159/000358398 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Wang L, Mei Z, Li H et al (2016) Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Nutr 115:644–649. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515004870 CrossRefPubMed

11.

Shao J, Lou J, Rao R et al (2012) Maternal serum ferritin concentration in positively associated with newborn iron stores in women with low ferritin status in late pregnancy. J Nutr 142:2004–2009. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.162362 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

World Health Organization (2012) Guideline: intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women. http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/guidelines/guideline_intermittent_ifa_non_anaemic_pregnancy/en/

13.

McMaster KM, Kaunitz AM, Burbano de Lara P et al (2017) A systematic review and meta-analysis of hypocalciuria in pre-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12165 PubMed

14.

Mosha D, Liu E, Hertzmark E et al (2017) Dietary iron and calcium intakes during pregnancy are associated with lower risk of prematurity, stillbirth and neonatal mortality among women in Tanzania. Public Health Nutr 20:678–686. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002809 CrossRefPubMed

15.

Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA et al (2011) The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:53–58. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2704 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Tang R, Tang IC, Henry A, Welsh A (2015) Limited evidence for calcium supplementation in preeclampsia prevention: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Hypertens Pregnancy 34(2):181–203. https://doi.org/10.3109/10641955.2014.988353 CrossRefPubMed

17.

Shrivastava J, Agrawal A, Aravind K (2015) Study of serum zinc in low birth weight neonates and its relation with maternal zinc. J Clin Diag Res 9:SC01–SC03. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/10449.5402

18.

Maduray K, Moodley J, Soobramoney C et al (2017) Elemental analysis of serum and hair from pre-eclamptic South African women. J Trace Elem Biol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.004

19.

Mori R, Ota E, Middleton P et al (2012) Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD000230. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000230.pub5

20.

Ozden TA, Gulbin G, Serdar Cantez M et al (2015) Copper, zinc and iron levels in infants and their mothers during the first year of life: a prospective study. BMC Pediatrics 15:157. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0474-9 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Ugwuja EI, Nnabu RC, Ezeonu PO et al (2015) The effect of parity on maternal body mass index, plasma mineral element status and new-born anthropometrics. Afr Health Sci. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i3.37 PubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Bermudez L, Garcia-Vincent C, Lopez J et al (2015) Assessment of ten trace elements in umbilical cord blood and maternal blood: association with birth weight. J Transl Med 13:291. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-015-0654-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

http://www.izz.waw.pl/attachments/article/33/NormyZywieniaNowelizacjaIZZ2012.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 2017

24.

Committee Opinion No. 573 (2013) Magnesium sulfate use in obstetrics. Am Coll Obstet Gynecol 122:727–728CrossRef

25.

Dalton LM, Fhloinn DM, Gergana T et al (2016) Magnesium in pregnancy. Nutr Rev 74:549–557. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw018 CrossRefPubMed

26.

De-Regil LM, Palacios C, Ansary A et al (2012) Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 15:CD008873. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858

27.

Spiro A, Buttriss JL (2014) Vitamin D: an overview of vitamin D status and intake in Europe. Nutr Bull 39:322–350CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Purswani JM, Gala P, Dwarkanath P et al (2017) The role of vitamin D in pre-eclampsia: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1408-3 PubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Zou T, Yu B, Yu J et al (2016) Moderately decreased maternal dietary energy intake during pregnancy reduces fetal skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in the pigs. Genes Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12263-016-0535-1 PubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Pathirathna ML, Sekijima K, Sadakata M et al (2017) Impact of second trimester maternal dietary intake on gestational weight gain and neonatal birth weight. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060627 PubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Gunnarsdottir I, Tryggvadottir EA, Birgisdottir BE et al (2016) Diet and nutrient intake of pregnant women in the capital area in Iceland. Laeknabladid 102:378–384. https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2016.09.95 PubMed

32.

Liu FL, Zhang YM, Parés GV et al (2015) Nutrient intakes of pregnant women and their associated factors in eight cities of China: a cross-sectional study. Chin Med J 128:1778–1786. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.159354 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Zhang Y, Zhou H, Perkins A et al (2017) Maternal dietary nutrient intake and its association with preterm birth: a case–control study in Beijing. China. Nutrients 9:221. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030221 CrossRef

34.

de Sá SA, Willner E, Duraes Pereira TA et al (2015) Anemia in pregnancy: impact on weight and in the development of anemia in newborn. Nutr Hosp 32:2071–2079. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9186 PubMed

35.

Nguyen PH, Young M, Gonzalez-Casanova I et al (2016) Impact of preconception micronutrient supplementation on anemia and iron status during pregnancy and postpartum: a randomized controlled trial in rural Vietnam, 2016; preconception micronutrient supplementation and hematological outcomes. PLoS One 12:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167416

36.

Knez M, Graham RD, Welch RM et al (2017) New perspectives on the regulation of iron absorption via cellular zinc concentrations in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57:2128–2143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1050483 CrossRefPubMed

37.

Bjørklund G, Aaseth J, Skalny AV et al (2017) Interactions of iron with manganese, zinc, chromium, and selenium as related to prophylaxis and treatment of iron deficiency. J Trace Elem Med Biol 41:41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.02.005 CrossRefPubMed

38.

Hyde NK, Brennan-Olsen SL, Bennett K et al (2017) Maternal nutrition during pregnancy: intake of nutrients important for bone health. Matern Child Health J 21:845–851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2178-7 CrossRefPubMed

39.

Morisset AS, Hope A, Duboid WL et al (2016) Rankings of iron, vitamin D, and calcium intakes in relation to maternal characteristics of pregnant Canadian women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41:749–757. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0588 CrossRefPubMed

40.

Tabrizi FM, Pakdel FG (2014) Serum level of some minerals during three trimesters of pregnancy in Iranian women and their newborns: a longitudinal study. Ind J Clin Biochem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-013-0336-x

41.

Khoushabi F, Shadan Miri A et al (2016) Determination of maternal serum zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium during pregnancy in pregnant women and umbilical cord blood and their association with outcome of pregnancy. Mater Sociomed. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2016.28.104-107 PubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Suliburska J, Kocyłowski R, Komorowicz I et al (2016) Concentrations of mineral in amniotic fluid and their relations to selected maternal and fetal parameters. Biol Trace Elem Res 172(1):37–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0557-3 CrossRefPubMed

43.

Kocyłowski R, Lewicka I, Grzesiak M et al (2017) Evaluation of mineral concentrations in maternal serum before and after birth and in newborn cord blood postpartum-preliminary study. Biol Trace Elem Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1109-9 PubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Youssof AL, Kassim NL, Rashid SA et al (2017) Zinc content in cord blood is associated with maternal age and parity. Biol Trace Elem Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0760-x PubMed

Title: Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women
Authors: Rafał Kocyłowski
Iwona Lewicka
Mariusz Grzesiak
Zuzanna Gaj
Anna Sobańska
Joanna Poznaniak
Constantin von Kaisenberg
Joanna Suliburska
Publication date: 01-06-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Issue 6/2018
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-018-4744-2

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2018

Alport syndrome and pregnancy: a case series and literature review

A randomized prospective comparison of the needleless mini-sling “hammock” and “U-shape” configurations for management of stress urinary incontinence: 18 month follow-up results

The role of complement components C1q, MBL and C1 inhibitor in pathogenesis of endometriosis

The effect of assisted reproductive technology on the incidence of birth defects among livebirths

Can ebselen prevent cisplatin-induced ovarian damage?

The effect of intrauterine human chorionic gonadotropin flushing on live birth rate after vitrified-warmed embryo transfer in programmed cycles: a randomized clinical trial