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Open Access 01-08-2021 | Coronary Heart Disease | Original Contribution

100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies

Authors: Lanfranco D’Elia, Monica Dinu, Francesco Sofi, Massimo Volpe, Pasquale Strazzullo, The SINU Working Group, Endorsed by SIPREC

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 5/2021

Abstract

Purpose

The relationship between 100% fruit juice (100%FJ) consumption and cardiovascular risk is object of debate: indeed, recently published investigations provided new but discrepant evidence on this important question and International dietary guidelines are not in agreement on recommendations about fruit juice consumption. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies and the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the relationship between 100%FJ intake, cardiovascular risk profile and risk of cardiovascular events.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of publications up to August 2019. Summary relative risks and exploration of linearity of the association were estimated for prospective studies and summary mean differences (MDs) calculated for RCTs.

Results

A total of 21 prospective studies and 35 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Dose–response analysis detected a significant inverse association between low-moderate 100%FJ consumption and risk of stroke (up to 200 ml/day) or total CV events (up to 170 ml/day) compared with no consumption, with a non-linear relationship (p for non-linearity < 0.05). No significant association was found for coronary heart disease and diabetes risk. In RCTs, a favorable and significant effect of 100%FJ intake was detected on blood pressure (systolic, MD: − 3.14 mmHg; diastolic, MD: − 1.68 mmHg), arterial compliance (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, − 0.38 m/s) and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, 2.10%). Neutral effects were found on body weight, blood lipids and glucose metabolism.

Conclusions

The results of these analyses indicate that 100%FJ consumption is not associated with higher CV risk. A non-linear inverse dose–response relationship occurs between 100%FJ consumption and CV disease, in particular for risk of stroke, probably mediated by the decrease in blood pressure.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number (CRD42019135577).

Available only for authorised users

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Title: 100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies
Authors: Lanfranco D’Elia
Monica Dinu
Francesco Sofi
Massimo Volpe
Pasquale Strazzullo
The SINU Working Group, Endorsed by SIPREC
Publication date: 01-08-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Coronary Heart Disease
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02426-7

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100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Trial registration

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Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

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Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Trial registration

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