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European Journal of Nutrition
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition 3/2018

Open Access 01-04-2018 | Review

Reduced energy availability: implications for bone health in physically active populations

Authors: Maria Papageorgiou, Eimear Dolan, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Craig Sale

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 3/2018

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Abstract

Purpose

The present review critically evaluates existing literature on the effects of short- and long-term low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism and health in physically active individuals.

Methods

We reviewed the literature on the short-term effects of low EA on markers of bone metabolism and the long-term effects of low EA on outcomes relating to bone health (bone mass, microarchitecture and strength, bone metabolic markers and stress fracture injury risk) in physically active individuals.

Results

Available evidence indicates that short-term low EA may increase markers of bone resorption and decrease markers of bone formation in physically active women. Bone metabolic marker responses to low EA are less well known in physically active men. Cross-sectional studies investigating the effects of long-term low EA suggest that physically active individuals who have low EA present with lower bone mass, altered bone metabolism (favouring bone resorption), reduced bone strength and increased risk for stress fracture injuries.

Conclusions

Reduced EA has a negative influence on bone in both the short- and long-term, and every effort should be made to reduce its occurrence in physically active individuals. Future interventions are needed to explore the effects of long-term reduced EA on bone health outcomes, while short-term low EA studies are also required to give insight into the pathophysiology of bone alterations.
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Metadata
Title
Reduced energy availability: implications for bone health in physically active populations
Authors
Maria Papageorgiou
Eimear Dolan
Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale
Craig Sale
Publication date
01-04-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1498-8

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Watch this official video from ACC.24 to hear Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

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