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28-09-2022 | Long-COVID Syndrome | Original Article

Impaired left ventricular deformation and ventricular-arterial coupling in post-COVID-19: association with autonomic dysregulation

Authors: Evangelos Oikonomou, Stamatios Lampsas, Panagiotis Theofilis, Nektarios Souvaliotis, George Aggelos Papamikroulis, Ourania Katsarou, Konstantinos Kalogeras, Panteleimon Pantelidis, Theodore G. Papaioannou, Aikaterini Tsatsaragkou, Georgios Marinos, Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Manolis Vavuranakis

Published in: Heart and Vessels | Issue 3/2023

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has extended implications namely the long COVID-19 syndrome. We assessed over-time changes in left ventricular (LV) function, aortic stiffness, autonomic function, and ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) in post-COVID-19 patients. We followed 34 post-COVID-19 subjects, up to 6 months post-hospital discharge. Subjects without COVID-19 served as control. We evaluated LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), arterial stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV)], and heart rate variability -standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN). VAC was estimated as the ratio of cf-PWV to LV-GLS. Post-COVID-19 individuals (1-month post-hospital discharge) presented with impaired LV-GLS [−18.4%(3.1) vs. −22.0%(2.7), P < 0.001], cf-PWV [12.1 m/s (3.2) vs. 9.6 m/s (1.9), P < 0.001], SDNN [111.3 ms (22.6) vs. 147.2 ms (14.0), P < 0.001], and VAC [−0.68 (0.22) vs. −0.44 (0.10), P < 0.001] compared to control. LV-GLS, SDNN, and VAC improved at the 6-month follow-up however they did not reach control levels. In post-COVID-19 subjects, SDNN and VAC were correlated at the 1-month (R = 0.499, P = 0.003) and 6-month (R = 0.372, P = 0.04) follow-up. Long COVID-19 syndrome was associated with impaired LV-GLS, SDNN, and VAC. Post-COVID-19 subjects presented with autonomic dysregulation associated with aortic stiffness, ventricular-arterial impairment, and LV dysfunction, even 6-months post-hospital discharge. These abnormalities may be related to the presence of long COVID-19 syndrome.

Graphical abstract

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Title: Impaired left ventricular deformation and ventricular-arterial coupling in post-COVID-19: association with autonomic dysregulation
Authors: Evangelos Oikonomou
Stamatios Lampsas
Panagiotis Theofilis
Nektarios Souvaliotis
George Aggelos Papamikroulis
Ourania Katsarou
Konstantinos Kalogeras
Panteleimon Pantelidis
Theodore G. Papaioannou
Aikaterini Tsatsaragkou
Georgios Marinos
Gerasimos Siasos
Dimitris Tousoulis
Manolis Vavuranakis
Publication date: 28-09-2022
Publisher: Springer Japan
Keywords: Long-COVID Syndrome
COVID-19
Post-COVID Syndrome
Published in: Heart and Vessels / Issue 3/2023
Print ISSN: 0910-8327
Electronic ISSN: 1615-2573
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-022-02180-2

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