Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Pediatric Radiology
Published in: Pediatric Radiology 3/2020

01-03-2020 | Ultrasound | Review

Pediatric lung ultrasound — pros and potentials

Author: Jovan Lovrenski

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 3/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Lung ultrasound (US) cannot be considered a new diagnostic imaging technique anymore, with some articles dating back 50 years. The question that hovers over it recently is why it is still not widely accepted, like chest radiography. So, have we wasted a lot of time without using lung US, or are we wasting our time using lung US? The main goals of this article are to underline all the advantages, potentials and reasons to use lung US in everyday clinical practice, but also to address the main concerns linked to this imaging tool. From the standpoint of an experienced pediatric radiologist from a tertiary health care children’s hospital who has been performing this examination for more than 10 years on a daily basis, this article also addresses the most common applications of lung US, such as detection of pneumonia and neonatal lung diseases.
Literature
1.
Bogin IN, Mutina ES, Bogdanov AV et al (1970) Ultrasonic diagnosis of pneumonia [in Russian]. Klin Med 48:123–128
2.
Kangerloo H, Sukov R, Sample WF (1977) Ultrasonographic evaluation of juxtadiaphragmatic masses in children. Radiology 125:785–787CrossRef
3.
4.
Guerra M, Crichiutti G, Pecile P et al (2016) Ultrasound detection of pneumonia in febrile children with respiratory distress: a prospective study. Eur J Pediatr 175:163–170PubMedCrossRef
5.
Jones BP, Tay ET, Elikashvili I et al (2016) Feasibility and safety of substituting lung ultrasonography for chest radiography when diagnosing pneumonia in children: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 150:131–138PubMedCrossRef
6.
Ianniello S, Piccolo CL, Buquicchio GL et al (2016) First-line diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia in emergency: lung ultrasound (LUS) in addition to chest-X-ray (CXR) and its role in follow-up. Br J Radiol 89:20150998PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
Ambroggio L, Sucharew H, Rattan MS et al (2016) Lung ultrasonography: a viable alternative to chest radiography in children with suspected pneumonia? J Pediatr 176:93–98.e7PubMedCrossRef
8.
Reali F, Sferrazza Papa GF, Carlucci P et al (2014) Can lung ultrasound replace chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumonia in hospitalized children? Respiration 88:112–115PubMedCrossRef
9.
Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS et al (2011) The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Clin Infect Dis 53:e25–e76PubMedCrossRef
10.
Harris M, Clark J, Coote N et al (2011) British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 66:ii1–i23PubMedCrossRef
11.
Pereda MA, Chavez MA, Hooper-Miele CC et al (2015) Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 135:714–722CrossRefPubMed
12.
13.
Urbankowska E, Krenke K, Drobczyński Ł et al (2015) Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and monitoring of community acquired pneumonia in children. Respir Med 109:1207–1212PubMedCrossRef
14.
Balk DS, Lee C, Schafer J et al (2018) Lung ultrasound compared to chest X-ray for diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 53:1130–1139CrossRefPubMed
15.
Lichtenstein DA, Menu Y (1995) A bedside ultrasound sign ruling out pneumothorax in the critically ill. Lung sliding. Chest 108:1345–1348PubMedCrossRef
16.
Lovrenski J, Vilotijević Dautović G, Lovrenski A (2019) Reduced or absent “lung sliding” — a novel lung ultrasound sign of pediatric foreign body aspiration. J Ultrasound Med 00:1–4
17.
Zhan C, Grundtvig N, Klug BH (2018) Performance of bedside lung ultrasound by a pediatric resident: a useful diagnostic tool in children with suspected pneumonia. Pediatr Emerg Care 34:618–622PubMedCrossRef
18.
Taylor T, Meer J, Beck S (2015) Emergency ultrasound: lung assessment. Emerg Med 47:35CrossRef
19.
Lutfiyya MN, Henley E, Chang LF, Reyburn SW (2006) Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Am Fam Physician 73:442–450PubMed
20.
Lichtenstein DA, Mezière GA (2008) Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure: the BLUE protocol. Chest 134:117–125. Erratum in: Chest. 2013;144:721PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Caiulo VA, Gargani L, Caiulo S et al (2013) Lung ultrasound characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. Pediatr Pulmonol 48:280–287PubMedCrossRef
22.
Reissig A, Copetti R, Mathis G et al (2012) Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic accuracy study. Chest 142:965–972PubMedCrossRef
23.
Copetti R, Cattarossi L (2008) Ultrasound diagnosis of pneumonia in children. Radiol Med 113:190–198PubMedCrossRef
24.
Tsung JW, Kessler DO, Shah VP (2012) Prospective application of clinician-performed lung ultrasonography during the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic: distinguishing viral from bacterial pneumonia. Crit Ultrasound J 4:16PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
26.
Lichtenstein D, Mezière G, Seitz J (2009) The dynamic air bronchogram. A lung ultrasound sign of alveolar consolidation ruling out atelectasis. Chest 135:1421–1425PubMedCrossRef
27.
Chiu CY, Wong KS, Lai SH et al (2008) Peripheral hypoechoic spaces in consolidated lung: a specific diagnostic sonographic finding for necrotizing pneumonia in children. Turk J Pediatr 50:58–62PubMed
28.
Lovrenski J, Petrović S, Balj-Barbir S et al (2016) Stethoscope vs. ultrasound probe — which is more reliable in children with suspected pneumonia? Acta Med Acad 45:39–50PubMedCrossRef
29.
30.
Yousef N, Mokhtari M, Durand P et al (2018) Lung ultrasound findings in congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Am J Perinatol 35:1222–1227PubMedCrossRef
31.
Lovrenski J (2018) Pulmonary sequestration as an incidental finding of pediatric abdominal ultrasound. J Health Sci Med Res 37:61–66
32.
Avni EV, Braude P, Pardou A, Matos C (1990) Hyaline membrane disease in the newborn: diagnosis by ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol 20:143–146PubMedCrossRef
33.
Raimondi F, Fanjul JR, Aversa S et al (2016) Lung ultrasound for diagnosing pneumothorax in the critically ill neonate. J Pediatr 175:74–78.e1PubMedCrossRef
34.
35.
Copetti R, Cattarossi L (2007) The ‘double lung point’: an ultrasound sign diagnostic of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Neonatology 91:203–209PubMedCrossRef
36.
Copetti R, Cattarossi L, Macagno F et al (2008) Lung ultrasound in respiratory distress syndrome: a useful tool for early diagnosis. Neonatology 94:52–59PubMedCrossRef
37.
Avni EF, Cassart M, de Maertelaer V et al (1996) Sonographic prediction of chronic lung disease in the premature undergoing mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Radiol 26:463–469PubMedCrossRef
38.
Pieper CH, Smith J, Brand EJ (2004) The value of ultrasound examination of the lungs in predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Radiol 34:227–231PubMedCrossRef
39.
Liu J, Chen SW, Liu F et al (2014) The diagnosis of neonatal pulmonary atelectasis using lung ultrasonography. Chest 147:1013–1019CrossRef
40.
Liu J, Wang Y, Fu W et al (2014) Diagnosis of neonatal transient tachypnea and its differentiation from respiratory distress syndrome using lung ultrasound. Medicine 93:e197PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
42.
Liu J, Chen XX, Li XW et al (2016) Lung ultrasonography to diagnose transient tachypnea of the newborn. Chest 149:1269–1275PubMedCrossRef
43.
Piastra M, Yousef N, Brat R et al (2014) Lung ultrasound findings in meconium aspiration syndrome. Early Hum Dev 90:S41–S43PubMedCrossRef
44.
Sharma D, Farahbakhsh N (2019) Role of chest ultrasound in neonatal lung disease: a review of current evidences. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 32:310–316PubMedCrossRef
45.
Liu J, Liu F, Liu Y et al (2014) Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of severe neonatal pneumonia. Chest 146:383–388PubMedCrossRef
46.
47.
Vergine M, Copetti R, Brusa G, Cattarossi L (2014) Lung ultrasound accuracy in respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of the newborn. Neonatology 106:87–93PubMedCrossRef
48.
Malagoli RC, Santos FFA, Oliveira EA, Bouzada MCF (2012) Influence of prone position on oxygenation, respiratory rate and muscle strength in preterm infants being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Rev Paul Pediatr 30:251–256CrossRef
49.
Henderson WR, Griesdale DEG, Dominelli P, Ronco JJ (2014) Does prone positioning improve oxygenation and reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome? Can Resp J 21:213–215
50.
Rivas-Fernandez M, Roque l Figuls M, Diez-Izquierdo A et al (2016) Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD003668
51.
Lovrenski J, Sorantin E, Stojanović S et al (2015) Evaluation of surfactant replacement therapy effects — a new potential role of lung ultrasound. Srp Arh Celok Lek 143:669–675PubMedCrossRef
52.
De Martino L, Yousef N, Ben-Ammar R et al (2018) Lung ultrasound score predicts surfactant need in extremely preterm neonates. Pediatrics 142
53.
Perri A, Riccardi R, Iannotta R et al (2018) Lung ultrasonography score versus chest X-ray score to predict surfactant administration in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol 53:1231–1236PubMedCrossRef
54.
Brat R, Yousef N, Klifa R et al (2015) Lung ultrasonography score to evaluate oxygenation and surfactant need in neonates treated with continuous positive airway pressure. JAMA Pediatr 169:e151797PubMedCrossRef
55.
Liu J, Ren XL, Fu W et al (2017) Bronchoalveolar lavage for the treatment of neonatal pulmonary atelectasis under lung ultrasound monitoring. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 30:2362–2366PubMedCrossRef
56.
Korppi M, Kiekara O, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Soimakallio S (1993) Comparison of radiological findings and microbial aetiology of childhood pneumonia. Acta Paediatr 82:360–363PubMedCrossRef
57.
58.
Deganello A, Rafailidis V, Sellars ME et al (2017) Intravenous and intracavitary use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation and management of complicated pediatric pneumonia. J Ultrasound Med 36:1943–1954CrossRefPubMed
59.
Strnad M, Zadel S, Klemenc-Ketis Z, Prosen G (2013) Identification of lung sliding: a basic ultrasound technique with a steep learning curve. Signa Vitae 8:31–35CrossRef
60.
Volpicelli G, Elbarbari M, Blaivas M et al (2012) International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med 38:577–591PubMedCrossRef
61.
Noble VE, Lamhaut L, Capp R et al (2009) Evaluation of a thoracic ultrasound training module for the detection of pneumothorax and pulmonary edema by prehospital physician care providers. BMC Med Educ 9:3PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
62.
Skaarup SH, Laursen CB, Bjerrum AS, Hilberg O (2017) Objective and structured assessment of lung ultrasound competence. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:555–560PubMedCrossRef
63.
Allinovi M, Saleem M, Romagnani P et al (2017) Lung ultrasound: a novel technique for detecting fluid overload in children on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32:541–547PubMed
Metadata
Title
Pediatric lung ultrasound — pros and potentials
Author
Jovan Lovrenski
Publication date
01-03-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Radiology / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04525-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2020

Pediatric Radiology 3/2020 Go to the issue

Original Article

Lung ultrasound for detecting pneumothorax in injured children: preliminary experience at a community-based Level II pediatric trauma center

Original Article

Improved diagnostic confidence and accuracy of pediatric elbow fractures with digital tomosynthesis

Original Article

Pediatric radiologist-driven didactics for a pediatric residency program: a quality initiative

Pictorial Essay

Autoinflammatory diseases in childhood, part 1: monogenic syndromes

Letter to the Editor

Lung ultrasound for pneumothorax in children: relevant limits

Commentary

Portraits in pediatric leadership: Maria Montessori