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Open Access 01-08-2019 | Obesity | Review

Is There Enough Evidence for Osteosarcopenic Obesity as a Distinct Entity? A Critical Literature Review

Authors: Jürgen M. Bauer, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Roger A. Fielding, John A. Kanis, Jean-Yves Reginster, Olivier Bruyère, Matteo Cesari, Roland Chapurlat, Nasser Al-Daghri, Elaine Dennison, Jean-Marc Kaufman, Francesco Landi, Andrea Laslop, Médéa Locquet, Stefania Maggi, Eugene McCloskey, Simone Perna, René Rizzoli, Yves Rolland, Mariangela Rondanelli, Pawel Szulc, Bruno Vellas, Mila Vlaskovska, Cyrus Cooper

Published in: Calcified Tissue International | Issue 2/2019

Abstract

The co-existence of impaired bone health (osteopenia/osteoporosis), reduced muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), and increased adiposity (obesity) in middle-aged and older people has been identified in recent studies, leading to a proposal for the existence of “osteosarcopenic obesity” as a distinct entity. Evidence for the pathophysiological overlap of these conditions is mounting, although a causal relationship is yet to be established. Each component condition occurs frequently with increasing age, and with shared risk factors in many instances, thus, an overlap of these three conditions is not surprising. However, whether the concurrent existence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity leads to an increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes and mortality above and beyond the risks associated with the sum of the component parts remains to be proven and is a question of research interest. In this article, we review evidence for the existence of osteosarcopenic obesity including the current operational definition of osteosarcopenic obesity, prevalence, pathophysiology, outcomes and exploratory approaches to the management of components. We conclude that, there is insufficient evidence to support a discrete clinical entity of osteosarcopenic obesity at this time. To expand knowledge and understanding in this area, there is a need for consensus on a definition of osteosarcopenic obesity which will allow for identification, further epidemiological studies and comparisons between studies. Additionally, studies should assess whether the clinical outcomes associated with osteosarcopenic obesity are worse than the mere addition of those linked with its components. This will help to determine whether defining a person as having this triad will eventually result in a more effective treatment than addressing each of the three conditions separately.

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Title: Is There Enough Evidence for Osteosarcopenic Obesity as a Distinct Entity? A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Jürgen M. Bauer
Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft
Roger A. Fielding
John A. Kanis
Jean-Yves Reginster
Olivier Bruyère
Matteo Cesari
Roland Chapurlat
Nasser Al-Daghri
Elaine Dennison
Jean-Marc Kaufman
Francesco Landi
Andrea Laslop
Médéa Locquet
Stefania Maggi
Eugene McCloskey
Simone Perna
René Rizzoli
Yves Rolland
Mariangela Rondanelli
Pawel Szulc
Bruno Vellas
Mila Vlaskovska
Cyrus Cooper
Publication date: 01-08-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Sarcopenia
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Published in: Calcified Tissue International / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0171-967X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0827
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-019-00561-w

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