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Journal of NeuroVirology
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology 5/2019

01-10-2019 | Alzheimer's Disease

Pathogenesis of age-related HIV neurodegeneration

Authors: Miroslaw (Mack) Mackiewicz, Cassia Overk, Cristian L. Achim, Eliezer Masliah

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 5/2019

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Abstract

People over the age of 50 are the fastest growing segment of the HIV-infected population in the USA. Although antiretroviral therapy has remarkable success controlling the systemic HIV infection, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) prevalence has increased or remained the same among this group, and cognitive deficits appear more severe in aged patients with HIV. The mechanisms of HAND in the aged population are not completely understood; a leading hypothesis is that aged individuals with HIV might be at higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or one of the AD-related dementias (ADRD). There are a number of mechanisms through which chronic HIV disease alone or in combination with antiretroviral therapy and other comorbidities (e.g., drug use, hepatitis C virus (HCV)) might be contributing to HAND in individuals over the age of 50 years, including (1) overlapping pathogenic mechanisms between HIV and aging (e.g., decreased proteostasis, DNA damage, chronic inflammation, epigenetics, vascular), which could lead to accelerated cellular aging and neurodegeneration and/or (2) by promoting pathways involved in AD/ADRD neuropathogenesis (e.g., triggering amyloid β, Tau, or α-synuclein accumulation). In this manuscript, we will review some of the potential common mechanisms involved and evidence in favor and against a role of AD/ADRD in HAND.
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Metadata
Title
Pathogenesis of age-related HIV neurodegeneration
Authors
Miroslaw (Mack) Mackiewicz
Cassia Overk
Cristian L. Achim
Eliezer Masliah
Publication date
01-10-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-019-00728-z

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