Suprasellar arachnoid cysts in children are a specific and rare condition [ 1 ], accounting for 10% of intracranial arachnoid cysts and 1% of intracranial lesions [ 2 ]. These cysts often coexist with hydrocephalus in children. With advancements in …
Acalvaria, also referred to as acrania, is a rare congenital cranial vault defect with an incidence of less than 1 in 100,000 childbirths, with clinical findings of neurocranium absences including complete or part of calvaria flat bones, dura …
Authors:
Robert Shen, Hans Angelius Suharto, Petrus Tjia, Haryati Wijaya, Meilina Imelda
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are commonly treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recent trends prioritize reducing long-term morbidities, particularly in younger patients. While historically chemotherapy was …
Teratomas account for 18–20% of all intracranial germ cell tumors and mostly occur in the pineal region with only a few cases of pediatric sellar and suprasellar teratomas described in the literature. Here, we present a case of a child with an …
Authors:
Amanda V. Jenson, Ali Yunus Rizvi, Rebecca A. Reynolds, Sara Hartnett-Wright, Thomas J. Gellar, Stacie Stapleton, Ignacio Gonzalez-Gomez, S. Hassan A. Akbari, Matthew D. Smyth
Hydrocephalus is one of the most common diseases involving the central nervous system for both children and adult. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt procedures can normalize intracranial pressure and minimize possible related neuronal injury and …
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), typified by multilobed glioneuronal tumors, is a paradigm of malignant transformation in pediatric oncology [ 1 ]. Moreover, ETMR is distinguished by their complex histological features and …
Authors:
Yourui Zou, Yang Liu, Haibo Liu, Jin Feng, Peng Gao, Hui Ma
Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is an effective treatment for spasticity and improves gross motor function in select patients [ 1 , 2 ]. Surgical techniques used for this procedure have evolved from multilevel-laminectomies [ 3 ] to minimal …
Authors:
John P. Andrews, Cecilia Dalle Ore, Joseph Falcone, Melessa Hirschhorn, Courtney Sagar, Kathryn Sigford, Yumi Mitsuya, Taylor Chung, Peter P. Sun
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common and severe neurological complication of prematurity, occurring in approximately 20% of very-low-birth-weight preterm neonates (born at < 32 weeks of gestational age) [ 1 ]. Pathophysiologically, IVH …
Authors:
Catherine E. Wassef, Ulrich W. Thomale, Melissa A. LoPresti, Michael G. DeCuypere, Jeffrey S. Raskin, Shreya Mukherjee, Kristian Aquilina, Sandi K. Lam
Within the landscape of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DLGNTs) represent a rare and formidable challenge. Following an initial description by Gardiman et al. in 2010 [ 1 ] and …
Authors:
Inci Yaman Bajin, Adrian Levine, Michael C. Dewan, Julie Bennett, Uri Tabori, Cynthia Hawkins, Eric Bouffet
Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG)—the most prevalent brain tumor in children—is essential for the identification and evaluation of novel effective treatments. This review explores the …
Authors:
Romain Sigaud, Tilman Brummer, Daniela Kocher, Till Milde, Florian Selt
Different etiological factors can lead to an acute subdural hematoma or raise intracranial pressure in full-term infants. These factors can be congenital malformations, head injury, infection, impaired coagulation, or venous sinus thrombosis. In …
Authors:
Sevgi Sarikaya-Seiwert, Ehab Shabo, Arndt-Hendrik Schievelkamp, Mark Born, Christian Wispel, Hannes Haberl
Low-grade glioma (LGG) is the most common primary central nervous system tumor in children, representing about one-third of all brain tumors in the pediatric population [ 1 , 2 ]. These tumors are either grade 1 or 2 under the 2021 World Health …
Authors:
Ronnie E. Baticulon, Nunthasiri Wittayanakorn, Wirginia Maixner
A 5-year-old girl presented with complaints of fever, left-sided hemiparesis, and left upper motor neuron facial nerve palsy following oral polio booster dose vaccination. She had a past history of fever with altered sensorium with complete …
Authors:
Mahesh Venkatachari, K. S. Ashwanth, Yugandhar Samireddypalle, Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu
Hydrocephalus is a common paediatric condition faced by neurosurgeons [ 1 ]. A wide variety of aetiologies and theories behind its pathophysiology are postulated. If left untreated, hydrocephalus results in severe morbidity and mortality [ 2 ].
Authors:
J. S. Lazarus, E. Ohonba, Y. J. Li, U. K. Rohlwink, A. A. Figaji, J. M. N. Enslin
Chiari I malformation (CM-I) is defined according to the following criteria: (1) greater than 5 mm of caudal descent of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum or (2) less than 5 mm tonsillar descent below the foramen magnum with aberrant …
Authors:
Eric Y. Montgomery, James P. Caruso, Angela V. Price, Brett A. Whittemore, Bradley E. Weprin, Dale M. Swift, Bruno P. Braga
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), formerly known as histiocytosis X [ 1 , 2 ], is a disease that arises from the clonal expansion of abnormal myeloid precursor cells, producing lesions that characteristically express CD1a/CD207 [ 3 ]. The median …
Authors:
Taylor Orr, Emal Lesha, John E. Dugan, Arba Cecia, Alexandra H. Kramer, Deke Blum, Jie Zhang, Paul Klimo Jr.
Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is the most common brain tumor in children and represents nearly one-third of all pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors [ 1 ]. PLGG has a predilection for the posterior fossa, diencephalon, and optic …
Primary intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (IMC) is a rare entity in pediatric population. IMCs are rare malignant tumor of the central nervous system, which usually affects young people between 10 and 30 years with a slight female …
Authors:
Sivaraman Kumarasamy, Kanwaljeet Garg, Ajay Garg, M. C. Sharma, Manmohanjit Singh, Poodipedi Sarat Chandra, Shashank Sharad Kale
