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Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Influenza | Research

Immunological profile of mice immunized with a polyvalent virosome-based influenza vaccine

Authors: Francisco Noé Fonseca, Vanessa Haach, Franciana Volpato Bellaver, Gabrielly Bombassaro, Danielle Gava, Luciano Paulino da Silva, Lana Flavia Baron, Mayara Simonelly, Wanessa Araújo Carvalho, Rejane Schaefer, Ana Paula Bastos

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes respiratory disease in pigs and is a major concern for public health. Vaccination of pigs is the most successful measure to mitigate the impact of the disease in the herds. Influenza-based virosome is an effective immunomodulating carrier that replicates the natural antigen presentation pathway and has tolerability profile due to their purity and biocompatibility.

Methods

This study aimed to develop a polyvalent virosome influenza vaccine containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins derived from the swine IAVs (swIAVs) H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes, and to investigate its effectiveness in mice as a potential vaccine for swine. Mice were immunized with two vaccine doses (1 and 15 days), intramuscularly and intranasally. At 21 days and eight months later after the second vaccine dose, mice were euthanized. The humoral and cellular immune responses in mice vaccinated intranasally or intramuscularly with a polyvalent influenza virosomal vaccine were investigated.

Results

Only intramuscular vaccination induced high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. Seroconversion and seroprotection (> 4-fold rise in HI antibody titers, reaching a titer of ≥ 1:40) were achieved in 80% of mice (intramuscularly vaccinated group) at 21 days after booster immunization. Virus-neutralizing antibody titers against IAV were detected at 8 months after vaccination, indicating long-lasting immunity. Overall, mice immunized with the virosome displayed greater ability for B, effector-T and memory-T cells from the spleen to respond to H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 antigens.

Conclusions

All findings showed an efficient immune response against IAVs in mice vaccinated with a polyvalent virosome-based influenza vaccine.
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Metadata
Title
Immunological profile of mice immunized with a polyvalent virosome-based influenza vaccine
Authors
Francisco Noé Fonseca
Vanessa Haach
Franciana Volpato Bellaver
Gabrielly Bombassaro
Danielle Gava
Luciano Paulino da Silva
Lana Flavia Baron
Mayara Simonelly
Wanessa Araújo Carvalho
Rejane Schaefer
Ana Paula Bastos
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02158-0

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