Sciatica due to Streptococcus gallolyticus infection of the spinal epidural space led to a diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a person with none of the usual signs and symptoms.
In a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction, exteriorization surgery revealed blue coloring of the catheter, indicating bacterial colonization. This phenomenon has been seen in urinary infections but not CNS pathologies.
This case report considers two cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed after multiple COVID-19 vaccinations. HLA haplotypes associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes were present in both cases.
In abrupt onset of cognitive impairment, seizures, or focal neurological deficits, particularly cases with underlying lesions or following procedures carrying a risk of air induction, cerebral air embolism could be the culprit.
A case of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient who presented with no known risk factors, which led to a delay in initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
A rare case of the opportunistic fungal infection cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent child who presented with pulmonary cavities. Next-generation sequencing identified the pathogen, which was treated successfully with fluconazole.
A case of recurrent knee pain after undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection highlights the need to consider different, less common causes of a swollen knee joint when there appears to be a septic infection.
Empyema necessitans is a rare condition characterized by pleural infection with pus spreading into adjacent soft tissues. This report describes a unique case caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
A rare case of thyroid gland blastomycosis in an immunocompromised man with a history of heart transplant who presented with leukocytosis and pneumonia. Blastomycosis was also evident in the heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, and skin.
Mpox infection can have a range of symptoms, including CNS complications such as seizures, confusion, and encephalitis. In this case, PCR of the CSF was negative for the virus, but intrathecal antibody production confirmed the diagnosis.
A case of severe pneumonia caused by a co-infection of the H5N1 avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Precise identification of the pathogens allowed appropriate antiviral treatments to be initiated and the patient responded well.
Imported cerebral malaria in non-endemic areas is often misdiagnosed, delaying treatment. In this case, diagnosing the cause of two sequential cerebral episodes was complicated by infection with two Plasmodium species and post-malaria neurological syndrome.
Identifying thromboembolic complications in pediatric patients with no comorbidities and a history of COVID-19 can be difficult. In this 4-year-old, acute lower limb ischemia was treated with a combination of anticoagulation, immunotherapy, and pulse steroid therapy.
Bacterial and fungal superinfections are commonly reported in patients with COVID-19. This is the first case of brain and intramedullary abscesses caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a rare case of brain abscesses caused by Aspergillus fumigatus.
Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection is rare, but is also one of the most important and challenging differential diagnoses in pediatrics. This case highlights that ocular assessment can be crucial in the diagnostic investigation.
CMV pneumonitis is an atypical complication in those with HIV. The presentation was further complicated by the post-treatment recurrence of symptoms in the setting of continued uncontrolled HIV infection.
Although cauda equina syndrome in the context of secondary CNS lymphoma is a rare occurrence, it should be considered in at-risk patients, especially those presenting with abnormal neurological findings.
Limping is common in children and adolescents, and is most likely due to juvenile idiopathic arthritis in patients with no previous trauma. This case series explores rare conditions that can mimic JIA.
The first electrodiagnostically confirmed case of syphilitic GBS without coexisting confounding infections. It highlights the importance of including syphilis in the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting with ascending polyradiculopathy.
A rare occurrence of re-expansion pulmonary edema as a complication of pleural drainage of pyopneumothorax. Preventive measures for pleural fluid drainage can minimize its occurrence.
