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Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2008

Open Access 01-12-2008 | Research

In vitro effects of selenium deficiency on West Nile virus replication and cytopathogenicity

Authors: Saguna Verma, Yanira Molina, Yeung Y Lo, Bruce Cropp, Cheynie Nakano, Richard Yanagihara, Vivek R Nerurkar

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2008

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Abstract

Background

Selenium (Se) deficiency plays an important role in viral pathogenesis. To understand the effects of Se deficiency on West Nile virus (WNV) infection, we analyzed cytopathogenicity, apoptosis and viral replication kinetics, using a newly developed Se-deficient cell culture system.

Results

Both Vero and SK-N-SH cells grown in Se-deficient media exhibited a gradual loss of glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity without any significant effect on cell growth and viability. In SK-N-SH cells, Se deficiency had no effect on the expression of key antioxidant enzymes, including manganese- and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (MnSOD and CuZnSOD), catalase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, whereas Vero cells demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of MnSOD and an overall increase in oxidative stress (OS) at day 7 post-induction of Se deficiency. At 2 days after infection with WNV, CPE and cell death were significantly higher in WNV-infected Se-deficient Vero cells, compared to WNV-infected control cells. Furthermore, WNV-induced apoptosis was significantly heightened in Se-deficient cells and was contributed by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased caspase activity. However, no significant difference was found in WNV copy numbers between control, Se-adequate and Se-deficient cell cultures.

Conclusion

Overall results demonstrate that the in vitro Se-deficient model can be used to study responses of WNV to this essential nutrient. Although Se deficiency has no in vitro effect on WNV replication kinetics, adequate Se is presumably critical to protect WNV-infected cells against virus-induced cell death.
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Metadata
Title
In vitro effects of selenium deficiency on West Nile virus replication and cytopathogenicity
Authors
Saguna Verma
Yanira Molina
Yeung Y Lo
Bruce Cropp
Cheynie Nakano
Richard Yanagihara
Vivek R Nerurkar
Publication date
01-12-2008
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2008
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-5-66

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