Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2008

Open Access 01-12-2008 | Research

Molecular and macromolecular alterations of recombinant adenoviral vectors do not resolve changes in hepatic drug metabolism during infection

Authors: Shellie M Callahan, Piyanuch Wonganan, Maria A Croyle

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

In this report we test the hypothesis that long-term virus-induced alterations in CYP occur from changes initiated by the virus that may not be related to the immune response. Enzyme activity, protein expression and mRNA of CYP3A2, a correlate of human CYP3A4, and CYP2C11, responsive to inflammatory mediators, were assessed 0.25, 1, 4, and 14 days after administration of several different recombinant adenoviruses at a dose of 5.7 × 1012 virus particles (vp)/kg to male Sprague Dawley rats. Wild type adenovirus, containing all viral genes, suppressed CYP3A2 and 2C11 activity by 37% and 39%, respectively within six hours. Levels fell to 67% (CYP3A2) and 79% (CYP2C11) of control by 14 days (p ≤ 0.01). Helper-dependent adenovirus, with all viral genes removed, suppressed CYP3A2 (43%) and CYP2C11 (55%) within six hours. CYP3A2 remained significantly suppressed (47%, 14 days, p ≤ 0.01) while CYP2C11 returned to baseline at this time. CYP3A2 and 2C11 were reduced by 45 and 42% respectively 6 hours after treatment with PEGylated adenovirus, which has a low immunological profile (p ≤ 0.05). CYP3A2 remained suppressed (34%, p ≤ 0.05) for 14 days while CYP2C11 recovered. Inactivated virus suppressed CYP3A2 activity by 25–50% for 14 days (p ≤ 0.05). CYP2C11 was affected similar manner but recovered by day 14. Microarray and in vitro studies suggest that changes in cellular signaling pathways initiated early in virus infection contribute to changes in CYP.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Kalra BS: Cytochrome P450 enzyme isoforms and their therapeutic implications: an update. Indian J Med Sci. 2007, 61: 102-116.CrossRefPubMed Kalra BS: Cytochrome P450 enzyme isoforms and their therapeutic implications: an update. Indian J Med Sci. 2007, 61: 102-116.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Lynch T, Price A: The Effect of Cytochrome P450 Metabolism on Drug Response, Interactions, and Adverse Effects. Am Fam Physicians. 2007, 76: 391-396. Lynch T, Price A: The Effect of Cytochrome P450 Metabolism on Drug Response, Interactions, and Adverse Effects. Am Fam Physicians. 2007, 76: 391-396.
4.
5.
go back to reference Renton KW: Regulation of drug metabolism and disposition during inflammation and infection. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2005, 1: 629-640.CrossRefPubMed Renton KW: Regulation of drug metabolism and disposition during inflammation and infection. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2005, 1: 629-640.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Morgan ET, Goralski KB, Piquette-Miller M, Renton KW, Robertson GR, Chaluvadi MR, Charles KA, Clarke SJ, Kacevska M, Liddle C, Richardson TA, Sharma R, Sinal CJ: Regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in infection, inflammation, and cancer. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008, 36: 205-216.CrossRefPubMed Morgan ET, Goralski KB, Piquette-Miller M, Renton KW, Robertson GR, Chaluvadi MR, Charles KA, Clarke SJ, Kacevska M, Liddle C, Richardson TA, Sharma R, Sinal CJ: Regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in infection, inflammation, and cancer. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008, 36: 205-216.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Zhou SF, Xue CC, Yu XQ, Li C, Wang G: Clinically important drug interactions potentially involving mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit. 2007, 29: 687-710.CrossRefPubMed Zhou SF, Xue CC, Yu XQ, Li C, Wang G: Clinically important drug interactions potentially involving mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit. 2007, 29: 687-710.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Masubuchi Y, Horie T: Toxicological significance of mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome p450 enzymes by drugs. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007, 37: 389-412.CrossRefPubMed Masubuchi Y, Horie T: Toxicological significance of mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome p450 enzymes by drugs. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007, 37: 389-412.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Callahan SM, Ming X, Lu SK, Brunner LJ, Croyle MA: Considerations for use of recombinant adenoviral vectors: dose effect on hepatic cytochromes P450. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005, 312: 492-501.CrossRefPubMed Callahan SM, Ming X, Lu SK, Brunner LJ, Croyle MA: Considerations for use of recombinant adenoviral vectors: dose effect on hepatic cytochromes P450. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005, 312: 492-501.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Callahan SM, Boquet MP, Ming X, Brunner LJ, Croyle MA: Impact of transgene expression on drug metabolism following systemic adenoviral vector administration. J Gene Med. 2006, 8: 566-576.CrossRefPubMed Callahan SM, Boquet MP, Ming X, Brunner LJ, Croyle MA: Impact of transgene expression on drug metabolism following systemic adenoviral vector administration. J Gene Med. 2006, 8: 566-576.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Shirali GS, Ni J, Chinnock RE, Johnston JK, Rosenthal GL, Bowles NE, Towbin JA: Association of viral genome with graft loss in children after cardiac transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 1498-1503.CrossRefPubMed Shirali GS, Ni J, Chinnock RE, Johnston JK, Rosenthal GL, Bowles NE, Towbin JA: Association of viral genome with graft loss in children after cardiac transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 1498-1503.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Seemungal TA, Wedzicha JA: Viral infections in obstructive airway diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2003, 9: 111-116.CrossRefPubMed Seemungal TA, Wedzicha JA: Viral infections in obstructive airway diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2003, 9: 111-116.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Schaller M, Hogaboam CM, Lukacs N, Kunkel SL: Respiratory viral infections drive chemokine expression and exacerbate the asthmatic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006, 118: 295-302.CrossRefPubMed Schaller M, Hogaboam CM, Lukacs N, Kunkel SL: Respiratory viral infections drive chemokine expression and exacerbate the asthmatic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006, 118: 295-302.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Humar A: Reactivation of Viruses in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Receiving Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis. Transplantation. 2006, 82: S9-S14.CrossRefPubMed Humar A: Reactivation of Viruses in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Receiving Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis. Transplantation. 2006, 82: S9-S14.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Croyle MA, Chirmule N, Zhang Y, Wilson JM: PEGylation of E1-deleted adenovirus vectors allows significant gene expression on readministration to liver. Hum Gene Ther. 2002, 13: 1887-1900.CrossRefPubMed Croyle MA, Chirmule N, Zhang Y, Wilson JM: PEGylation of E1-deleted adenovirus vectors allows significant gene expression on readministration to liver. Hum Gene Ther. 2002, 13: 1887-1900.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Croyle MA, Chirmule N, Zhang Y, Wilson JM: "Stealth" adenoviruses blunt cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against the virus and allow for significant gene expression upon readministration in the lung. J Virol. 2001, 75: 4792-4801.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Croyle MA, Chirmule N, Zhang Y, Wilson JM: "Stealth" adenoviruses blunt cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against the virus and allow for significant gene expression upon readministration in the lung. J Virol. 2001, 75: 4792-4801.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Stanley LA, Horsburgh BC, Ross J, Scheer N, Wolf CR: PXR and CAR: nuclear receptors which play a pivotal role in drug disposition and chemical toxicity. Drug Metab Rev. 2006, 38: 515-597.CrossRefPubMed Stanley LA, Horsburgh BC, Ross J, Scheer N, Wolf CR: PXR and CAR: nuclear receptors which play a pivotal role in drug disposition and chemical toxicity. Drug Metab Rev. 2006, 38: 515-597.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Martínez-Jiménez CP, Jover R, Donato MT, Castell JV, Gómez-Lechón MJ: Transcriptional regulation and expression of CYP3A4 in hepatocytes. Curr Drug Metab. 2007, 8: 185-194.CrossRefPubMed Martínez-Jiménez CP, Jover R, Donato MT, Castell JV, Gómez-Lechón MJ: Transcriptional regulation and expression of CYP3A4 in hepatocytes. Curr Drug Metab. 2007, 8: 185-194.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Morral N, O'Neal WK, Rice K, Leland MM, Piedra PA, Aguilar-Cordova E, Carey KD, Beaudet AL, Langston C: Lethal toxicity, severe endothelial injury, and a threshold effect with high doses of an adenoviral vector in baboons. Hum Gene Ther. 2002, 13: 143-154.CrossRefPubMed Morral N, O'Neal WK, Rice K, Leland MM, Piedra PA, Aguilar-Cordova E, Carey KD, Beaudet AL, Langston C: Lethal toxicity, severe endothelial injury, and a threshold effect with high doses of an adenoviral vector in baboons. Hum Gene Ther. 2002, 13: 143-154.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Raper SE, Chirmule N, Lee FS, Wivel NA, Bagg A, Gao GP, Wilson JM, Batshaw ML: Fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient following adenoviral gene transfer. Mol Genet Metab. 2003, 80: 148-158.CrossRefPubMed Raper SE, Chirmule N, Lee FS, Wivel NA, Bagg A, Gao GP, Wilson JM, Batshaw ML: Fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient following adenoviral gene transfer. Mol Genet Metab. 2003, 80: 148-158.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Mikamo E, Harada S, Nishikawa J, Nishihara T: Endocrine disruptors induce cytochrome P450 by affecting transcriptional regulation via pregnane × receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003, 193: 66-72.CrossRefPubMed Mikamo E, Harada S, Nishikawa J, Nishihara T: Endocrine disruptors induce cytochrome P450 by affecting transcriptional regulation via pregnane × receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003, 193: 66-72.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Seiler MP, Cerullo V, Lee B: Immune response to helper dependent adenoviral mediated liver gene therapy: challenges and prospects. Curr Gene Ther. 2007, 7: 297-305.CrossRefPubMed Seiler MP, Cerullo V, Lee B: Immune response to helper dependent adenoviral mediated liver gene therapy: challenges and prospects. Curr Gene Ther. 2007, 7: 297-305.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference De Geest B, Snoeys J, Van Linthout S, Lievens J, Collen D: Elimination of innate immune responses and liver inflammation by PEGylation of adenoviral vectors and methylprednisolone. Hum Gene Ther. 2005, 16: 1439-1451.CrossRefPubMed De Geest B, Snoeys J, Van Linthout S, Lievens J, Collen D: Elimination of innate immune responses and liver inflammation by PEGylation of adenoviral vectors and methylprednisolone. Hum Gene Ther. 2005, 16: 1439-1451.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Hofherr SE, Mok H, Gushiken FC, Lopez JA, Barry MA: Polyethylene glycol modification of adenovirus reduces platelet activation, endothelial cell activation, and thrombocytopenia. Hum Gene Ther. 2007, 18: 837-848.CrossRefPubMed Hofherr SE, Mok H, Gushiken FC, Lopez JA, Barry MA: Polyethylene glycol modification of adenovirus reduces platelet activation, endothelial cell activation, and thrombocytopenia. Hum Gene Ther. 2007, 18: 837-848.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Altucci L, Leibowitz MD, Ogilvie KM, de Lera AR, Gronemeyer H: RAR and RXR modulation in cancer and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007, 6: 793-810.CrossRefPubMed Altucci L, Leibowitz MD, Ogilvie KM, de Lera AR, Gronemeyer H: RAR and RXR modulation in cancer and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007, 6: 793-810.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Lim YP, Huang JD: Interplay of pregnane × receptor with other nuclear receptors on gene regulation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008, 23: 14-21.CrossRefPubMed Lim YP, Huang JD: Interplay of pregnane × receptor with other nuclear receptors on gene regulation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008, 23: 14-21.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Richardson TA, Morgan ET: Hepatic cytochrome P450 gene regulation during endotoxin-induced inflammation in nuclear receptor knockout mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005, 314: 703-709.CrossRefPubMed Richardson TA, Morgan ET: Hepatic cytochrome P450 gene regulation during endotoxin-induced inflammation in nuclear receptor knockout mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005, 314: 703-709.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Wang X, Medzihradszky KF, Maltby D, Correia MA: Phosphorylation of native and heme-modified CYP3A4 by protein kinase C: a mass spectrometric characterization of the phosphorylated peptides. Biochemistry. 2001, 40: 11318-11326.CrossRefPubMed Wang X, Medzihradszky KF, Maltby D, Correia MA: Phosphorylation of native and heme-modified CYP3A4 by protein kinase C: a mass spectrometric characterization of the phosphorylated peptides. Biochemistry. 2001, 40: 11318-11326.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Aguiar M, Masse R, Gibbs BF: Regulation of cytochrome P450 by posttranslational modification. Drug Metab Rev. 2005, 37: 379-404.CrossRefPubMed Aguiar M, Masse R, Gibbs BF: Regulation of cytochrome P450 by posttranslational modification. Drug Metab Rev. 2005, 37: 379-404.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Correia MA, Sadeghi S, Mundo-Paredes E: Cytochrome P450 ubiquitination: branding for the proteolytic slaughter?. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005, 45: 439-464.CrossRefPubMed Correia MA, Sadeghi S, Mundo-Paredes E: Cytochrome P450 ubiquitination: branding for the proteolytic slaughter?. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005, 45: 439-464.CrossRefPubMed
33.
34.
go back to reference Suomalainen M, Nakano MY, Boucke K, Keller S, Greber UF: Adenovirus-activated PKA and p38/MAPK pathways boost microtubule-mediated nuclear targeting of virus. EMBO J. 2001, 20: 1310-1319.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Suomalainen M, Nakano MY, Boucke K, Keller S, Greber UF: Adenovirus-activated PKA and p38/MAPK pathways boost microtubule-mediated nuclear targeting of virus. EMBO J. 2001, 20: 1310-1319.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Gilcrease MZ: Integrin signaling in epithelial cells. Cancer Lett. 2007, 24: 1-25.CrossRef Gilcrease MZ: Integrin signaling in epithelial cells. Cancer Lett. 2007, 24: 1-25.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Huveneers S, Truong H, Danen HJ: Integrins: signaling, disease, and therapy. Int J Radiat Biol. 2007, 83: 743-751.CrossRefPubMed Huveneers S, Truong H, Danen HJ: Integrins: signaling, disease, and therapy. Int J Radiat Biol. 2007, 83: 743-751.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Ding X, Staudinger JL: Induction of drug metabolism by forskolin: the role of the pregnane × receptor and the protein kinase a signal transduction pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005, 312: 849-856.CrossRefPubMed Ding X, Staudinger JL: Induction of drug metabolism by forskolin: the role of the pregnane × receptor and the protein kinase a signal transduction pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005, 312: 849-856.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Ding X, Staudinger JL: Repression of PXR-mediated induction of hepatic CYP3A gene expression by protein kinase C. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005, 69: 867-873.CrossRefPubMed Ding X, Staudinger JL: Repression of PXR-mediated induction of hepatic CYP3A gene expression by protein kinase C. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005, 69: 867-873.CrossRefPubMed
40.
41.
go back to reference Bruck N, Bastien J, Bour G, Tarrade A, Plassat JL, Bauer A, Adam-Stitah S, Rochette-Egly C: Phosphorylation of the retinoid × receptor at the omega loop, modulates the expression of retinoic-acid-target genes with a promoter context specificity. Cell Signal. 2005, 17: 1229-1239.CrossRefPubMed Bruck N, Bastien J, Bour G, Tarrade A, Plassat JL, Bauer A, Adam-Stitah S, Rochette-Egly C: Phosphorylation of the retinoid × receptor at the omega loop, modulates the expression of retinoic-acid-target genes with a promoter context specificity. Cell Signal. 2005, 17: 1229-1239.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Zimmerman TL, Thevananther S, Ghose R, Burns AR, Karpen SJ: Nuclear export of retinoid × receptor alpha in response to interleukin-1beta-mediated cell signaling: roles for JNK and SER260. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281: 15434-15440.CrossRefPubMed Zimmerman TL, Thevananther S, Ghose R, Burns AR, Karpen SJ: Nuclear export of retinoid × receptor alpha in response to interleukin-1beta-mediated cell signaling: roles for JNK and SER260. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281: 15434-15440.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Ghose R, Zimmerman TL, Thevananther S, Karpen SJ: Endotoxin leads to rapid subcellular re-localization of hepatic RXRalpha: A novel mechanism for reduced hepatic gene expression in inflammation. Nucl Recept. 2004, 2: 4-PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Ghose R, Zimmerman TL, Thevananther S, Karpen SJ: Endotoxin leads to rapid subcellular re-localization of hepatic RXRalpha: A novel mechanism for reduced hepatic gene expression in inflammation. Nucl Recept. 2004, 2: 4-PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Kim YS, Han CY, Kim SW, Kim JH, Lee SK, Jung DJ, Park SY, Kang H, Choi HS, Lee JW, Pak YK: The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner as a novel coregulator of nuclear factor-K-B in oxidized low density lipoprotein-treated macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276: 33736-33740.CrossRefPubMed Kim YS, Han CY, Kim SW, Kim JH, Lee SK, Jung DJ, Park SY, Kang H, Choi HS, Lee JW, Pak YK: The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner as a novel coregulator of nuclear factor-K-B in oxidized low density lipoprotein-treated macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276: 33736-33740.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Li D, Zimmerman TL, Thevananther S, Lee HY, Kurie JM, Karpen SJ: Interleukin-1 beta-mediated suppression of RXR:RAR transactivation of the Ntcp promoter is JNK-dependent. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277: 31416-31422.CrossRefPubMed Li D, Zimmerman TL, Thevananther S, Lee HY, Kurie JM, Karpen SJ: Interleukin-1 beta-mediated suppression of RXR:RAR transactivation of the Ntcp promoter is JNK-dependent. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277: 31416-31422.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Lee YK, Dell H, Dowhan DH, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M, Moore DD: The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and retinoid × receptor transactivation: two mechanisms for repression. Mol Cell Biol. 2000, 20: 187-195.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Lee YK, Dell H, Dowhan DH, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M, Moore DD: The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and retinoid × receptor transactivation: two mechanisms for repression. Mol Cell Biol. 2000, 20: 187-195.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Frank C, Makkonen H, Dunlop TW, Matilainen M, Väisänen S, Carlberg C: Identification of pregnane × receptor binding sites in the regulatory regions of genes involved in bile acid homeostasis. J Mol Biol. 2005, 46: 505-519.CrossRef Frank C, Makkonen H, Dunlop TW, Matilainen M, Väisänen S, Carlberg C: Identification of pregnane × receptor binding sites in the regulatory regions of genes involved in bile acid homeostasis. J Mol Biol. 2005, 46: 505-519.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Macchiarulo A, Rizzo G, Costantino G, Fiorucci S, Pellicciari R: Unveiling hidden features of orphan nuclear receptors: the case of the small heterodimer partner (SHP). J Mol Graph Model. 2006, 24: 362-372.CrossRefPubMed Macchiarulo A, Rizzo G, Costantino G, Fiorucci S, Pellicciari R: Unveiling hidden features of orphan nuclear receptors: the case of the small heterodimer partner (SHP). J Mol Graph Model. 2006, 24: 362-372.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Croyle MA, Le HT, Linse KD, Cerullo V, Toietta G, Beaudet A, Pastore L: PEGylated helper-dependent adenoviral vectors: highly efficient vectors with an enhanced safety profile. Gene Ther. 2005, 12: 579-587.CrossRefPubMed Croyle MA, Le HT, Linse KD, Cerullo V, Toietta G, Beaudet A, Pastore L: PEGylated helper-dependent adenoviral vectors: highly efficient vectors with an enhanced safety profile. Gene Ther. 2005, 12: 579-587.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Palmer Da, Ng P: Improved system for helper-dependent adenoviral vector production. Mol Ther. 2003, 8: 846-852.CrossRefPubMed Palmer Da, Ng P: Improved system for helper-dependent adenoviral vector production. Mol Ther. 2003, 8: 846-852.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Maizel JV, White DO, Scharff MD: The polypeptides of adenovirus I. Evidence for multiple protein components in the virion and a comparison of types 2, 7A, and 12. Virol. 1968, 36: 115-125.CrossRef Maizel JV, White DO, Scharff MD: The polypeptides of adenovirus I. Evidence for multiple protein components in the virion and a comparison of types 2, 7A, and 12. Virol. 1968, 36: 115-125.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Croyle MA, Yu QC, Wilson JM: Development of a rapid method for the PEGylation of adenoviruses with enhanced transduction and improved stability under harsh storage conditions. Hum Gene Ther. 2000, 11: 1713-1722.CrossRefPubMed Croyle MA, Yu QC, Wilson JM: Development of a rapid method for the PEGylation of adenoviruses with enhanced transduction and improved stability under harsh storage conditions. Hum Gene Ther. 2000, 11: 1713-1722.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Callahan SM, Wonganan P, Obenauer-Kutner LJ, Sutjipto S, Dekker JD, Croyle MA: Controlled inactivation of recombinant viruses with vitamin B(2). J Virol Methods. 2008, 148: 132-145.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Callahan SM, Wonganan P, Obenauer-Kutner LJ, Sutjipto S, Dekker JD, Croyle MA: Controlled inactivation of recombinant viruses with vitamin B(2). J Virol Methods. 2008, 148: 132-145.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
54.
55.
go back to reference Shaw AA, Hall SD, Franklin MR, Galinsky RE: The influence of L-glutamine on the depression of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in male rats caused by total parenteral nutrition. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002, 30: 177-182.CrossRefPubMed Shaw AA, Hall SD, Franklin MR, Galinsky RE: The influence of L-glutamine on the depression of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in male rats caused by total parenteral nutrition. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002, 30: 177-182.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Yang Y, Raper SE, Cohn JA, Engelhardt JF, Wilson JM: An approach for treating the hepatobiliary disease of cystic fibrosis by somatic gene transfer. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90: 4601-4605.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Yang Y, Raper SE, Cohn JA, Engelhardt JF, Wilson JM: An approach for treating the hepatobiliary disease of cystic fibrosis by somatic gene transfer. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90: 4601-4605.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Macejova D, Baranova M, Liska J, Brtko J: Expression of nuclear hormone receptors, their coregulators and type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase gene in mammary tissue of nonlactating and postlactating rats. Life Sci. 2005, 77: 2584-2593.CrossRefPubMed Macejova D, Baranova M, Liska J, Brtko J: Expression of nuclear hormone receptors, their coregulators and type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase gene in mammary tissue of nonlactating and postlactating rats. Life Sci. 2005, 77: 2584-2593.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Wickham TJ, Mathias P, Cheresh DA, Nemerow GR: Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 promote adenovirus internalization but not virus attachment. Cell. 1993, 73: 309-319.CrossRefPubMed Wickham TJ, Mathias P, Cheresh DA, Nemerow GR: Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 promote adenovirus internalization but not virus attachment. Cell. 1993, 73: 309-319.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Roe AL, Warren G, Hou G, Howard G, Shedlofsky SI, Blouin RA: The effect of high dose endotoxin on CYP3A2 expression in the rat. Pharm Res. 1998, 15: 1603-1608.CrossRefPubMed Roe AL, Warren G, Hou G, Howard G, Shedlofsky SI, Blouin RA: The effect of high dose endotoxin on CYP3A2 expression in the rat. Pharm Res. 1998, 15: 1603-1608.CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Bai S, Brunner LJ, Stepkowski SM, Napoli KL, Kahan BD: Effect of low dose cyclosporine and sirolimus on hepatic drug metabolism in the rat. Transplantation. 2001, 71: 1585-1592.CrossRefPubMed Bai S, Brunner LJ, Stepkowski SM, Napoli KL, Kahan BD: Effect of low dose cyclosporine and sirolimus on hepatic drug metabolism in the rat. Transplantation. 2001, 71: 1585-1592.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Molecular and macromolecular alterations of recombinant adenoviral vectors do not resolve changes in hepatic drug metabolism during infection
Authors
Shellie M Callahan
Piyanuch Wonganan
Maria A Croyle
Publication date
01-12-2008
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2008
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-5-111

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

Virology Journal 1/2008 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine