Top

Published in:

07-11-2023 | Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | REVIEW: COUGH IN IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS

Assessment and Management of Cough in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Narrative Review

Authors: Shangxiang Liu, Xu Ye

Published in: Lung | Issue 6/2023

Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal disease with an unknown cause. It is characterized by symptoms such as cough and breathlessness, which significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Cough, in particular, has emerged as a burdensome symptom for individuals with IPF. The etiology of cough in IPF patients is believed to be complex, involving factors related to the disease itself, such as increased sensitivity of cough nerves, lung structural changes, inflammation, and genetic factors, as well as comorbidities and medication effects. Unfortunately, effective treatment options for cough in IPF remain limited, often relying on empirical approaches based on studies involving chronic cough patients in general and the personal experience of physicians. Medications such as opioids and neuromodulators are commonly prescribed but have shown suboptimal efficacy, imposing significant physical, psychological, and economic burdens on patients. However, there is hope on the horizon, as specific purinergic P2 receptor ligand-gated ion channel (P2X3) inhibitors have demonstrated promising antitussive effects in ongoing clinical trials. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and management of cough in IPF patients, as well as highlight emerging pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches that target the cough reflex and are currently being investigated in clinical settings.

Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L et al (2022) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults: an official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 205(9):e18–e47. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202202-0399STCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wakwaya Y, Brown KK (2019) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: epidemiology, diagnosis andoutcomes. Am J Med Sci 357(5):359–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2019.02.013CrossRefPubMed

Lederer DJ, Martinez FJ (2018) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Longo DL, ed. N Engl J Med 378(19):1811–1823. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1705751CrossRefPubMed

Glass DS, Grossfeld D, Renna HA et al (2022) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current and future treatment. Clin Respir J 16(2):84–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13466CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wakwaya Y, Ramdurai D, Swigris JJ (2021) Managing cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 160(5):1774–1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.05.071CrossRefPubMed

Saari E, Mononen M, Hasala H et al (2023) Characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis -associated cough. A case-control study. BMC Pulm Med 23(1):179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-023-02476-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mann JMV, Holland AE, Goh NSL, Khor YH (2023) Understanding patient experience of chronic cough in interstitial lung disease. ERJ Open Res 9(3):00039–02023. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00039-2023CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Saunders P, Wu Z, Fahy WA et al (2023) The burden and impact of cough in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis of the prospective observational PROFILE study. Annals ATS 20(9):1267–1273. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202302-174OCCrossRef

Vigeland CL, Horton MR (2016) Cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: more than just a nuisance. Lancet Respir Med 4(8):600–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30150-3CrossRefPubMed

10.

Schertel A, Funke-Chambour M, Geiser T, Brill AK (2017) Novel insights in cough and breathing patterns of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis performing repeated 24-hour-respiratory polygraphies. Respir Res 18(1):190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-017-0674-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Birring SS, Wijsenbeek MS, Agrawal S et al (2017) A novel formulation of inhaled sodium cromoglicate (PA101) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial. Lancet Respir Med 5(10):806–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30310-7CrossRefPubMed

12.

Birring SS, Kavanagh JE, Irwin RS et al (2018) Treatment of interstitial lung disease associated cough. Chest 154(4):904–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.06.038CrossRefPubMed

13.

Vigeland CL, Hughes AH, Horton MR (2017) Etiology and treatment of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med 123:98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2016.12.016CrossRefPubMed

14.

Bargagli E, Di Masi M, Perruzza M et al (2019) The pathogenetic mechanisms of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Emerg Med 14(1):39–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-1960-5CrossRefPubMed

15.

Hope-Gill BDM, Hilldrup S, Davies C, Newton RP, Harrison NK (2003) A study of the cough reflex in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168(8):995–1002. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200304-597OCCrossRefPubMed

16.

van Manen MJG, Birring SS, Vancheri C et al (2017) Effect of pirfenidone on cough in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 50(4):1701157. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01157-2017CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

17.

Kilduff CE, Counter MJ, Thomas GA, Harrison NK, Hope-Gill BD (2014) Effect of acid suppression therapy on gastroesophageal reflux and cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an intervention study. Cough 10(1):4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-10-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Horton MR, Santopietro V, Mathew L et al (2012) Thalidomide for the treatment of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 157(6):398–406. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-6-201209180-00003CrossRefPubMed

19.

Kahrilas PJ, Altman KW, Chang AB et al (2016) Chronic cough due to gastroesophageal reflux in adults. Chest 150(6):1341–1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.08.1458CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Irwin RS, French CL, Chang AB et al (2018) Classification of cough as a symptom in adults and management algorithms. Chest 153(1):196–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.016CrossRefPubMed

21.

Cohen SM, Misono S (2013) Use of specific neuromodulators in the treatment of chronic, idiopathic cough: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 148(3):374–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599812471817CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Farooqi MAM, Cheng V, Wahab M, Shahid I, Obyrne PM, Satia I (2020) Investigations and management of chronic cough: update from the European Respiratory Society Chronic Cough Taskforce. Pol Arch Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.15484CrossRefPubMed

23.

Morice A, Dicpinigaitis P, McGarvey L, Birring SS (2021) Chronic cough: new insights and future prospects. Eur Respir Rev 30(162):210127. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0127-2021CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Mazzone SB (2005) An overview of the sensory receptors regulating cough. Cough 1(1):2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-1-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Mazzone SB, McGarvey L (2021) Mechanisms and rationale for targeted therapies in refractory and unexplained chronic cough. Clin Pharmacol Ther 109(3):619–636. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2003CrossRefPubMed

26.

Aronson KI, Danoff SK, Russell AM et al (2021) Patient-centered outcomes research in interstitial lung disease: an official American thoracic society research statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 204(2):e3–e23. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202105-1193STCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Morice AH, Millqvist E, Bieksiene K et al (2020) ERS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children. Eur Respir J 55(1):1901136. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01136-2019CrossRefPubMed

28.

Doherty MJ, Mister R, Pearson MG, Calverley PM (2000) Capsaicin induced cough in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 55(12):1028–1032. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.55.12.1028CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Guan M, Ying S, Wang Y (2021) Increased expression of transient receptor potential channels and neurogenic factors associates with cough severity in a guinea pig model. BMC Pulm Med 21(1):187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01556-wCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Wu H, Yu Y, Huang H et al (2020) Progressive pulmonary fibrosis is caused by elevated mechanical tension on alveolar stem cells. Cell 180(1):107-121.e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.027CrossRefPubMed

31.

Chung KF, Birring SS, Morice AH et al (2022) Tackling the neuropathic cough of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): more needs to be done. Lung 200(6):673–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-022-00589-0CrossRefPubMed

32.

Mann J, Goh NSL, Holland AE, Khor YH (2021) Cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Rehabilit Sci 2:751798. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2021.751798CrossRef

33.

Harrison NK (2004) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nervous cough? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 17(6):347–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2004.09.029CrossRefPubMed

34.

Jones RM, Hilldrup S, Hope-Gill BD, Eccles R, Harrison NK (2011) Mechanical induction of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cough 7:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-7-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Lee PCL, Eccles R (2004) Cough induction by high-frequency chest percussion in healthy volunteers and patients with common cold. Respir Med 98(8):771–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2004.01.006CrossRefPubMed

36.

Bonvini SJ, Belvisi MG (2017) Cough and airway disease: the role of ion channels. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 47:21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2017.06.009CrossRefPubMed

37.

Herrerias MM, Budinger GRS (2023) The integrated stress response links Muc5b to pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 68(1):5–6. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2022-0378EDCrossRefPubMed

38.

Hunninghake GM, Hatabu H, Okajima Y et al (2013) MUC5B promoter polymorphism and interstitial lung abnormalities. N Engl J Med 368(23):2192–2200. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1216076CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Seibold MA, Smith RW, Urbanek C et al (2013) The idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis honeycomb cyst contains a mucocilary pseudostratified epithelium. PLoS ONE 8(3):e58658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058658CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Scholand M, Wolff R, Crossno P et al (2014) Severity of cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with MUC5 B genotype. Cough 10(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-10-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Tirelli C, Pesenti C, Miozzo M, Mondoni M, Fontana L, Centanni S (2022) The genetic and epigenetic footprint in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and familial pulmonary fibrosis: a State-of-the-Art Review. Diagnostics 12(12):3107. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123107CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Borie R, Crestani B, Dieude P et al (2013) The MUC5B variant is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis but not with systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease in the European Caucasian population. PLoS ONE 8(8):e70621. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070621CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Kinder BW, Brown KK, Schwarz MI, Ix JH, Kervitsky A, King TE (2008) Baseline BAL neutrophilia predicts early mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 133(1):226–232. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-1948CrossRefPubMed

44.

Donnerer J, Schuligoi R, Stein C (1992) Increased content and transport of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in sensory nerves innervating inflamed tissue: evidence for a regulatory function of nerve growth factor in vivo. Neuroscience 49(3):693–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(92)90237-vCrossRefPubMed

45.

Braun A, Lommatzsch M, Mannsfeldt A et al (1999) Cellular Sources of enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor production in a mouse model of allergic inflammation notice to professional recruitment and announcement advertisers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 21(4):537–546. https://doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.21.4.3670CrossRefPubMed

46.

Caminati A, Lonati C, Cassandro R et al (2019) Comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an underestimated issue. Eur Respir Rev 28(153):190044. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0044-2019CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Gyawali CP, Kahrilas PJ, Savarino E et al (2018) Modern diagnosis of GERD: the Lyon Consensus. Gut 67(7):1351–1362. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314722CrossRefPubMed

48.

Tobin RW, Pope CE, Pellegrini CA, Emond MJ, Sillery J, Raghu G (1998) Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158(6):1804–1808. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9804105CrossRefPubMed

49.

Fahim A, Crooks M, Hart SP (2011) Gastroesophageal reflux and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Pulm Med 2011:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/634613CrossRef

50.

Savarino E, Carbone R, Marabotto E et al (2013) Gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric aspiration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Eur Respir J 42(5):1322–1331. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00101212CrossRefPubMed

51.

Fahim A, Dettmar P, Morice A, Hart S (2011) Gastroesophageal reflux and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective study. Medicina 47(4):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina47040028CrossRef

52.

Lai K, Tang J, Zhan W et al (2021) The spectrum, clinical features and diagnosis of chronic cough due to rare causes. J Thorac Dis 13(4):2575–2582. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-2671CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Gokay P, Tastan S, Orhan ME (2016) Is there a difference between the STOP-BANG and the Berlin Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome questionnaires for determining respiratory complications during the perioperative period? J Clin Nurs 25(9–10):1238–1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13133CrossRefPubMed

54.

Gille T, Didier M, Boubaya M et al (2017) Obstructive sleep apnoea and related comorbidities in incident idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 49(6):1601934. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01934-2016CrossRefPubMed

55.

Raghu G, Amatto VC, Behr J, Stowasser S (2015) Comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: a systematic literature review. Eur Respir J 46(4):1113–1130. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02316-2014CrossRefPubMed

56.

Shim J, Song WJ, Morice AH (2020) Drug-induced cough. Physiol Res 61:S81–S92. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934406CrossRef

57.

Borghi C, Cicero AF, Agnoletti D, Fiorini G (2023) Pathophysiology of cough with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: how to explain within-class differences? Eur J Intern Med 110:10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2023.01.005CrossRefPubMed

58.

Pinto B, Jadhav U, Singhai P, Sadhanandham S, Shah N (2020) ACEI-induced cough: a review of current evidence and its practical implications for optimal CV risk reduction. Indian Heart J 72(5):345–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2020.08.007CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Glass DS, Grossfeld D, Renna HA et al (2020) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and potential treatment approaches. Respir Investig 58(5):320–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2020.04.002CrossRefPubMed

60.

Ryerson CJ, Abbritti M, Ley B, Elicker BM, Jones KD, Collard HR (2011) Cough predicts prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Cough predicts prognosis in IPF. Respirology 16(6):969–975. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01996.xCrossRefPubMed

61.

van Manen MJG, Wijsenbeek MS (2019) Cough, an unresolved problem in interstitial lung diseases. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000447CrossRefPubMed

62.

Polastri M, Bandelli GP (2021) Exercise-induced cough in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Respir J 15(8):925–926. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13380CrossRefPubMed

63.

Muccino DR, Morice AH, Birring SS et al (2020) Design and rationale of two phase 3 randomised controlled trials (COUGH-1 and COUGH-2) of gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, in refractory or unexplained chronic cough. ERJ Open Res 6(4):00284–02020. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00284-2020CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Niimi A, Saito J, Kamei T et al (2022) Randomised trial of the P2X ₃ receptor antagonist sivopixant for refractory chronic cough. Eur Respir J 59(6):2100725. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00725-2021CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Martinez FJ, Afzal AS, Smith JA et al (2021) Treatment of persistent cough in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with Gefapixant, a P2X3 antagonist, in a randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Pulm Ther 7(2):471–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-021-00162-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Smith JA, Harle A, Dockry R et al (2021) Aprepitant for cough in lung cancer. A randomized placebo-controlled trial and mechanistic insights. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 203(6):737–745. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202006-2359OCCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Martinez FJ, Wijsenbeek MS, Raghu G et al (2022) Phase 2B Study of Inhaled RVT-1601 for chronic cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study (SCENIC Trial). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 205(9):1084–1092. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202106-1485OCCrossRefPubMed

68.

Tochitsky I, Jo S, Andrews N et al (2021) Inhibition of inflammatory pain and cough by a novel charged sodium channel blocker. Br J Pharmacol 178(19):3905–3923. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15531CrossRefPubMed

69.

Smith J, Allman D, Badri H et al (2020) The Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist orvepitant is a novel antitussive therapy for chronic refractory cough. Chest 157(1):111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.001CrossRefPubMed

70.

Home | ClinicalTrials.gov. Accessed 8 Oct 2023. https://clinicaltrials.gov/

71.

Antoniou K, Kamekis A, Symvoulakis EK, Kokosi M, Swigris JJ (2020) Burden of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on patients’ emotional well being and quality of life: a literature review. Curr Opin Pulm Med 26(5):457–463. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000703CrossRefPubMed

72.

Morice AH, Menon MS, Mulrennan SA et al (2007) Opiate therapy in chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175(4):312–315. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200607-892OCCrossRefPubMed

73.

Pipeline|Trevi Therapeutics. Accessed 8 Oct 2023. https://www.trevitherapeutics.com/pipeline/

74.

Wu Z, Banya W, Chaudhuri N et al (2022) PAciFy Cough—a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of morphine sulphate for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis cough. Trials 23(1):184. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06068-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

75.

Vertigan AE, Kapela SL, Ryan NM, Birring SS, McElduff P, Gibson PG (2016) Pregabalin and speech pathology combination therapy for refractory chronic cough: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 149(3):639–648. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.15-1271CrossRefPubMed

76.

Ryan NM, Birring SS, Gibson PG (2012) Gabapentin for refractory chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 380(9853):1583–1589. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60776-4CrossRef

77.

Gao R, Xu X, Wang S et al (2022) The efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of refractory cough associated with interstitial lung disease: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 23(1):165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06059-5CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

78.

Haraf R, Flora AS, Assaly R (2018) Thalidomide as a cough suppressant in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Ther 25(6):e687–e688. https://doi.org/10.1097/MJT.0000000000000695CrossRefPubMed

79.

West A, Chaudhuri N, Barczyk A et al (2023) Inhaled pirfenidone solution (AP01) for IPF: a randomised, open-label, dose–response trial. Thorax. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2022-219391CrossRefPubMed

80.

Gibson P, Wang G, McGarvey L et al (2016) Treatment of unexplained chronic cough. Chest 149(1):27–44. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.15-1496CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Lutherer LO, Nugent KM, Schoettle BW et al (2011) Low-dose oral interferon possibly retards the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and alleviates associated cough in some patients. Thorax 66(5):446–446. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2010.135947CrossRefPubMed

82.

Guler SA, Clarenbach C, Brutsche M et al (2021) Azithromycin for the treatment of chronic cough in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Annals ATS 18(12):2018–2026. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202103-266OCCrossRef

83.

Kanezaki M, Ebihara S (2019) Effect of facial skin cooling induced by a handheld fan on the cough reflex threshold and urge to cough induced by citric acid. ERJ Open Res 5(4):00089–02019. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00089-2019CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

84.

Leard LE, Holm AM, Valapour M et al (2021) Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: an update from the International Society for Heart and Lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 40(11):1349–1379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.005CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

85.

Glassberg MK, Minkiewicz J, Toonkel RL et al (2017) Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via intravenous delivery (AETHER). Chest 151(5):971–981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.10.061CrossRefPubMed

86.

Lee JS, Song JW, Wolters PJ et al (2012) Bronchoalveolar lavage pepsin in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 39(2):352–358. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00050911CrossRefPubMed

87.

Dutta P, Funston W, Mossop H et al (2019) Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of omeprazole in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 74(4):346–353. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212102CrossRefPubMed

88.

Jo HE, Corte TJ, Glaspole I et al (2019) Gastroesophageal reflux and antacid therapy in IPF: analysis from the Australia IPF registry. BMC Pulm Med 19(1):84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0846-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

89.

Su Y, Shen L, Zhang F et al (2021) Laryngopharyngeal pH monitoring in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 12:724286. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.724286CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

90.

Tutuian R, Mainie I, Agrawal A, Adams D, Castell DO (2006) Nonacid reflux in patients with chronic cough on acid-suppressive therapy. Chest 130(2):386–391. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.130.2.386CrossRefPubMed

91.

Wu J, Ma Y, Chen Y (2022) GERD-related chronic cough: Possible mechanism, diagnosis and treatment. Front Physiol 13:1005404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1005404CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

92.

Allampati S, Lopez R, Thota PN, Ray M, Birgisson S, Gabbard SL (2016) Use of a positional therapy device significantly improves nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms: short-term improvement of nocturnal GERD symptoms. Dis Esophagus. https://doi.org/10.1111/dote.12495CrossRef

93.

Kohata Y, Fujiwara Y, Watanabe T et al (2016) Long-term benefits of smoking cessation on gastroesophageal reflux disease and health-related quality of life. PLoS ONE 11(2):e0147860. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147860CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

94.

Yang J, Peng M, Shi J, Zheng W, Yu X (2019) Pulmonary artery involvement in Takayasu’s arteritis: diagnosis before pulmonary hypertension. BMC Pulm Med 19(1):225. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0983-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

95.

(2010) A controlled trial of sildenafil in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 363(7): 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1002110

96.

Mermigkis C, Bouloukaki I, Antoniou K et al (2015) Obstructive sleep apnea should be treated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sleep Breath 19(1):385–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-014-1033-6CrossRefPubMed

97.

Jaimchariyatam N, Tantipornsinchai W, Desudchit T, Gonlachanvit S (2016) Association between respiratory events and nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux events in patients with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Sleep Med 22:33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.04.013CrossRefPubMed

98.

Sundar KM, Willis AM, Smith S, Hu N, Kitt JP, Birring SS (2020) A randomized, controlled, pilot study of CPAP for patients with chronic cough and obstructive sleep apnea. Lung 198(3):449–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-020-00354-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

99.

Abdullah B, Periasamy C, Ismail R (2019) Nasal irrigation as treatment in sinonasal symptoms relief: a review of its efficacy and clinical applications. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 71(S3):1718–1726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-017-1070-0CrossRefPubMed

100.

Diver S, Russell RJ, Brightling CE (2019) Cough and eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 7(6):1740–1747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.04.048CrossRefPubMed

101.

(2023) Abstracts from the 2023 American Cough Conference. Lung. 201(S1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-023-00634-6

Title: Assessment and Management of Cough in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shangxiang Liu
Xu Ye
Publication date: 07-11-2023
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Cough
Published in: Lung / Issue 6/2023
Print ISSN: 0341-2040
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1750
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-023-00653-3

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

Woman coughing/© PRPicturesProduction / Stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2023

Feasibility and Utility of a Smartphone Application-Based Longitudinal Cough Monitoring in Chronic Cough Patients in a Real-World Setting

Recurrent Cough in the Elderly: A Forgotten Entity

Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Inhibition of Prostaglandin-Degrading Enzyme 15-PGDH Mitigates Acute Murine Lung Allograft Rejection

Illuminating Airway Nerve Structure and Function in Chronic Cough

Prognostic Impact of Cancer Inflammation Prognostic Index for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage