Top

Published in:

01-02-2020 | Hypertension | Original Contribution

Relationship between sensory liking for fat, sweet or salt and cardiometabolic diseases: mediating effects of diet and weight status

Authors: Aurélie Lampuré, Solia Adriouch, Katia Castetbon, Amélie Deglaire, Pascal Schlich, Sandrine Péneau, Léopold Fezeu, Serge Hercberg, Caroline Méjean

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Purpose

Previous works have been suggested that individual sensory liking is a predictor of dietary intake and weight status, and may consequently influence development of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). We investigated the association between sensory liking for fat-and-salt, fat-and-sweet, sweet or salt and the onset of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) over 6 years in adults, and the mediating effects of dietary intake and body mass index (BMI).

Methods

We examined the CMDs risk among 41,332 (for CVD and diabetes) and 37,936 (for hypertension) French adults (NutriNet-Santé cohort). Liking scores, individual characteristics, diet and anthropometry were assessed at baseline using questionnaires. Health events were collected during 6 years. Associations between sensory liking and CMDs risk, and the mediating effect of diet and BMI, were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Sensory liking for fat-and-salt was associated with an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and CVD [hazard ratios (HR) for 1-point increment of the sensory score: HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.18, 1.43), HR 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) and HR 1.10 (1.02, 1.19), respectively]. BMI and dietary intake both explained 93%, 98% and 70%, of the overall variation of liking for fat-and-salt liking in diabetes, hypertension and CVD, respectively. Liking for fat-and-sweet and liking for salt were also associated with an increased risk of diabetes [HR 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) and HR 1.09 (1.01, 1.18), respectively], whereas liking for sweet was associated with a decreased risk [HR 0.76 (0.69, 0.84)].

Conclusions

Higher liking for fat-and-salt is significantly associated with CMDs risk, largely explained by dietary intake and BMI. Our findings may help to guide effective targeted measures in prevention.

Available only for authorised users

Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M (2007) Obesity and diabetes in the developing world—a growing challenge. N Engl J Med 356(3):213–215. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp068177 CrossRefPubMed

Organization WH (2003) Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO, Geneva

Li X-Y, Cai X-L, Bian P-D, Hu L-R (2012) High salt intake and stroke: meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence. CNS Neurosci Ther 18(8):691–701. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00355.x CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Lampousi AM, Knuppel S, Iqbal K, Bechthold A, Schlesinger S, Boeing H (2017) Food groups and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 105(6):1462–1473. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.153148 CrossRef

Mozaffarian D (2016) Dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Compr Rev Circ 133(2):187–225. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585 CrossRef

Kershaw JC, Mattes RD (2018) Nutrition and taste and smell dysfunction. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 4(1):3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.02.006(e-pub ahead of print 2018/07/24) CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mejean C, Deglaire A, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Schlich P, Castetbon K (2014) Association between intake of nutrients and food groups and liking for fat (The Nutrinet-Sante Study). Appetite 78:147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.017 CrossRefPubMed

Nagata C, Sugiyama C, Shimizu H (1999) Nutrient intakes in relation to style of breakfast and taste preferences. J Epidemiol 9(2):91–98 (e-pub ahead of print 1999/05/25) CrossRef

Drewnowski A, Hann C, Henderson SA, Gorenflo D (2000) Both food preferences and food frequency scores predict fat intakes of women with breast cancer. J Am Diet Assoc 100(11):1325–1333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00375-8 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Lampure A, Castetbon K, Deglaire A, Schlich P, Peneau S, Hercberg S, Mejean C (2016) Associations between liking for fat, sweet or salt and obesity risk in French adults: a prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 13:74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0406-6 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Cox DN, Hendrie GA, Carty D (2016) Sensitivity, hedonics and preferences for basic tastes and fat amongst adults and children of differing weight status: a comprehensive review. Food Qual Prefer 48:359–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.01.006 CrossRef

12.

Salbe AD, DelParigi A, Pratley RE, Drewnowski A, Tataranni PA (2004) Taste preferences and body weight changes in an obesity-prone population. Am J Clin Nutr 79(3):372–378CrossRef

13.

Duffy VB, Hayes JE, Sullivan BS, Faghri P (2009) Surveying food and beverage liking: a tool for epidemiological studies to connect chemosensation with health outcomes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1170:558–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04593.x CrossRefPubMed

14.

Duffy VB, Lanier SA, Hutchins HL, Pescatello LS, Johnson MK, Bartoshuk LM (2007) Food preference questionnaire as a screening tool for assessing dietary risk of cardiovascular disease within health risk appraisals. J Am Diet Assoc 107(2):237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2006.11.005 CrossRefPubMed

15.

Ikehara S, Iso H, Date C, Kikuchi S, Watanabe Y, Inaba Y, Tamakoshi A, Group JS (2012) Salt preference and mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease for Japanese men and women: the JACC study. Prev Med 54(1):32–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.10.013 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Hercberg S, Castetbon K, Czernichow S, Malon A, Mejean C, Kesse E, Touvier M, Galan P (2010) The Nutrinet-Sante Study: a web-based prospective study on the relationship between nutrition and health and determinants of dietary patterns and nutritional status. BMC Public Health 10:242. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-242 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

17.

Andreeva VA, Salanave B, Castetbon K, Deschamps V, Vernay M, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S (2015) Comparison of the sociodemographic characteristics of the large NutriNet-Sante e-cohort with French Census data: the issue of volunteer bias revisited. J Epidemiol Community Health 69(9):893–898. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-205263(e-pub ahead of print 2015/04/03) CrossRefPubMed

18.

Deglaire A, Méjean C, Castetbon K, Kesse-Guyot E, Urbano C, Hercberg S, Schlich P (2012) Development of a questionnaire to assay recalled liking for salt, sweet and fat. Food Qual Prefer 23(2):110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.08.006 CrossRef

19.

Urbano C, Deglaire A, Cartier-Lange E, Herbreteau V, Cordelle S, Schlich P (2016) Development of a sensory tool to assess overall liking for the fatty, salty and sweet sensations. Food Quality Prefer 48:23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.08.003 CrossRef

20.

Deglaire A, Urbano C, Mejean C, Hercberg S, Schlich P (2011) Measuring liking for sweet, salt and fat by questionnaire and sensory test: complementary approaches. In: 9th Pangborn sensory science symposium (unplublished work)

21.

Touvier M, Kesse-Guyot E, Mejean C, Pollet C, Malon A, Castetbon K, Hercberg S (2011) Comparison between an interactive web-based self-administered 24 h dietary record and an interview by a dietitian for large-scale epidemiological studies. Br J Nutr 105(7):1055–1064. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510004617 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Lassale C, Castetbon K, Laporte F, Camilleri GM, Deschamps V, Vernay M, Faure P, Hercberg S, Galan P et al (2015) Validation of a Web-based, self-administered, non-consecutive-day dietary record tool against urinary biomarkers. Br J Nutr 113(6):953–962. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515000057 CrossRefPubMed

23.

Lassale C, Castetbon K, Laporte F, Deschamps V, Vernay M, Camilleri GM, Faure P, Hercberg S, Galan P et al (2016) Correlations between fruit, vegetables, fish, vitamins, and fatty acids estimated by web-based nonconsecutive dietary records and respective biomarkers of nutritional status. J Acad Nutr Diet 116(3):427–438 e425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.09.017 CrossRefPubMed

24.

Le Moullec ND, Preziosi M, Monteiro P, Valeix P, Rolland-Cachera P, Potier MF, de Courcy G, Christides JP, Cherouvrier F, Galan P, Hercberg S (1996) Validation du manuel photos utilisé pour l’enquête alimentaire de l’étude SU.VI.MAX. Cahier de Nutrition et de Diététique 31(3):158–164

25.

Hercberg S, Chat-Yung S, Chaulia M (2008) The French National Nutrition and Health Program: 2001–2006–2010. Int J Public Health 53(2):68–77CrossRef

26.

Arnault NC, Castetbon L, Coronel K, Fezeu SD, Figuette L, M (2013) Table de composition des aliments NutriNet-Santé. Economica, Paris

27.

Lassale C, Péneau S, Touvier M, Julia C, Galan P, Hercberg S, Kesse-Guyot E (2013) Validity of web-based self-reported weight and height: results of the Nutrinet-Santé study. J Med Internet Res 15(8):e152. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2575 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Lampure A, Deglaire A, Schlich P, Castetbon K, Peneau S, Hercberg S, Mejean C (2014) Liking for fat is associated with sociodemographic, psychological, lifestyle and health characteristics. Br J Nutr 112(8):1353–1363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514002050 CrossRefPubMed

29.

Lampure A, Schlich P, Deglaire A, Castetbon K, Peneau S, Hercberg S, Mejean C (2015) Sociodemographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics are associated with a liking for salty and sweet tastes in French adults. J Nutr 145(3):587–594. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.201269 CrossRefPubMed

30.

Adriouch S, Lelong H, Kesse-Guyot E, Baudry J, Lampure A, Galan P, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Fezeu LK (2017) Compliance with nutritional and lifestyle recommendations in 13,000 patients with a cardiometabolic disease from the Nutrinet-Sante study. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060546 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A et al (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(8):1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB CrossRefPubMed

32.

Black AE (2000) Critical evaluation of energy intake using the Goldberg cut-off for energy intake:basal metabolic rate. A practical guide to its calculation, use and limitations. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24(9):1119–1130CrossRef

33.

Schofield WN (1985) Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 39(Suppl 1):5–41 (e-pub ahead of print 1985/01/01) PubMed

34.

Mejean C, Droomers M, van der Schouw YT, Sluijs I, Czernichow S, Grobbee DE, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Beulens JW (2013) The contribution of diet and lifestyle to socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Int J Cardiol 168(6):5190–5195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.188 CrossRefPubMed

35.

Droomers M, Schrijvers CT, Mackenbach JP (2002) Why do lower educated people continue smoking? Explanations from the longitudinal GLOBE study. Health Psychol 21(3):263–272CrossRef

36.

Chen GC, Lv DB, Pang Z, Liu QF (2013) Red and processed meat consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 67(1):91–95. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.180 CrossRefPubMed

37.

de Souza RJ, Mente A, Maroleanu A, Cozma AI, Ha V, Kishibe T, Uleryk E, Budylowski P, Schunemann H et al (2015) Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 351:h3978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3978 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Riccardi G, Giacco R, Rivellese AA (2004) Dietary fat, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 23(4):447–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2004.02.006 CrossRefPubMed

39.

Research WCRFAIfC (2007) Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. AICR, Washington DC

40.

Cobiac LJ, Vos T, Veerman JL (2010) Cost-effectiveness of interventions to promote fruit and vegetable consumption. PLoS One 5(11):e14148. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014148 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Dallongeville J, Dauchet L, de Mouzon O, Requillart V, Soler LG (2011) Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption: a cost-effectiveness analysis of public policies. Eur J Public Health 21(1):69–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckq013 CrossRefPubMed

42.

Deglaire A, Mejean C, Castetbon K, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Schlich P (2015) Associations between weight status and liking scores for sweet, salt and fat according to the gender in adults (the Nutrinet-Sante study). Eur J Clin Nutr 69(1):40–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.139 CrossRefPubMed

43.

McEvoy JW, Blaha MJ, DeFilippis AP, Lima JA, Bluemke DA, Hundley WG, Min JK, Shaw LJ, Lloyd-Jones DM et al (2015) Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular events: role of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis from the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 35(3):700–709. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304562 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Lee JR, Paultre F, Mosca L (2005) The association between educational level and risk of cardiovascular disease fatality among women with cardiovascular disease. Women’s Health Issues 15(2):80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2004.11.004 CrossRefPubMed

45.

Carnethon MR (2009) Physical activity and cardiovascular disease: how much is enough? Am J Lifestyle Med 3(1 Suppl):44S–49S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827609332737 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Fung TT, Schulze M, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB (2004) Dietary patterns, meat intake, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Arch Intern Med 164(20):2235–2240. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.20.2235 CrossRefPubMed

47.

Strazzullo P, D’Elia L, Kandala N-B, Cappuccio FP (2009) Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4567 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Klaus D, Hoyer J, Middeke M (2010) Salt restriction for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 107(26):457–462. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2010.0457 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

49.

Directorate for Research S, Assessment and Statistics of Ministry of Health (2017) Report on the French population health, 2017. Executive summary: overview and highlights. DREES, Paris

50.

Poslusna K, Ruprich J, de Vries JH, Jakubikova M, van’t Veer P (2009) Misreporting of energy and micronutrient intake estimated by food records and 24 hour recalls, control and adjustment methods in practice. Br J Nutr 101(Suppl 2):S73–S85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509990602(e-pub ahead of print 2009/07/15) CrossRefPubMed

51.

Rappoport L, Peters GR, Downey R, McCann T, Huff-Corzine L (1993) Gender and age differences in food cognition. Appetite 20(1):33–52. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1993.1004 CrossRefPubMed

52.

Reverdy C, Schlich P, Köster EP, Ginon E, Lange C (2010) Effect of sensory education on food preferences in children. Food Qual Prefer 21(7):794–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2010.03.008 CrossRef

53.

Mattes RD (1993) Fat preference and adherence to a reduced-fat diet. Am J Clin Nutr 57(3):373–381CrossRef

54.

Mattes RD (1997) The taste for salt in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 65(2 Suppl):692S–697SCrossRef

55.

Romagny SG, Salles E, C (2017) Impact fo reducing fat, salt and sugar in commercial foods on consumer acceptability and willingness to pay in real tasting conditions: a home experiment. Food Qual Pref 56:164–172CrossRef

Title: Relationship between sensory liking for fat, sweet or salt and cardiometabolic diseases: mediating effects of diet and weight status
Authors: Aurélie Lampuré
Solia Adriouch
Katia Castetbon
Amélie Deglaire
Pascal Schlich
Sandrine Péneau
Léopold Fezeu
Serge Hercberg
Caroline Méjean
Publication date: 01-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Hypertension
Hypertension
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01904-x

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

Illustration of figure on mountain summit/© Orapun / Stock.adobe.com, STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Chocolate and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Supplementation with dairy matrices impacts on homocysteine levels and gut microbiota composition of hyperhomocysteinemic mice

Microbial insight into dietary protein source affects intestinal function of pigs with intrauterine growth retardation

Intakes of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and non-fried fish in relation to incidence of chronic kidney disease in young adults: a 25-year follow-up

24-Week β-alanine ingestion does not affect muscle taurine or clinical blood parameters in healthy males

Calcium intake from diet and supplement use during early pregnancy: the Expect study I

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage