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Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

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Open Access 01-12-2017 | Review – Cancer Research

Human cancer stem cells are a target for cancer prevention using (−)-epigallocatechin gallate

Authors: Hirota Fujiki, Eisaburo Sueoka, Anchalee Rawangkan, Masami Suganuma

Published in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology | Issue 12/2017

Abstract

Purpose

Our previous experiments show that the main constituent of green-tea catechins, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), completely prevents tumor promotion on mouse skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene followed by okadaic acid and that EGCG and green tea extract prevent cancer development in a wide range of target organs in rodents. Therefore, we focused our attention on human cancer stem cells (CSCs) as targets of cancer prevention and treatment with EGCG.

Methods

The numerous reports concerning anticancer activity of EGCG against human CSCs enriched from cancer cell lines were gathered from a search of PubMed, and we hope our review of the literatures will provide a broad selection for the effects of EGCG on various human CSCs.

Results

Based on our theoretical study, we discuss the findings as follows: (1) Compared with the parental cells, human CSCs express increased levels of the stemness markers Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, CD44, CD133, as well as the EMT markers, Twist, Snail, vimentin, and also aldehyde dehydrogenase. They showed decreased levels of E-cadherin and cyclin D1. (2) EGCG inhibits the transcription and translation of genes encoding stemness markers, indicating that EGCG generally inhibits the self-renewal of CSCs. (3) EGCG inhibits the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes of human CSCs. (4) The inhibition of EGCG of the stemness of CSCs was weaker compared with parental cells. (5) The weak inhibitory activity of EGCG increased synergistically in combination with anticancer drugs.

Conclusions

Green tea prevents human cancer, and the combination of EGCG and anticancer drugs confers cancer treatment with tissue-agnostic efficacy.

ABCB1

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1

ABCG2

ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2

Akt

RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase

Bcl2

B-cell lymphoma 2

Bax

Bcl-2-associated X protein

Bmi-1

B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 homologue

ERK1/2

Extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2

GP1

Glycoprotein 1

Gli1

Zinc finger protein GLl1

Hey1

Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1

K-ras

KRAS oncogene

KLf

Krüppel-like factor

Myc

v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog

Nanog

Nanog homeobox protein

Notch1

Notch homolog 1

Oct4

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4

Patched-1

Protein patched homolog 1

SMO

A class Frizzled (class F) G protein-coupled receptor

Slug

SNAI2

Snail

Snail family transcriptional repressor

Sox2

SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2

Twist

Twist family BHLH transcription factor

Wnt

Mammalian homologs of Drosophila ‘wingless” signaling

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Title: Human cancer stem cells are a target for cancer prevention using (−)-epigallocatechin gallate
Authors: Hirota Fujiki
Eisaburo Sueoka
Anchalee Rawangkan
Masami Suganuma
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology / Issue 12/2017
Print ISSN: 0171-5216
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1335
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-017-2515-2

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