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Current Hepatology Reports
Published in: Current Hepatology Reports 4/2020

01-12-2020 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Hepatic Cancer (N Parikh, Section Editor)

Racial and Sex Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA

Authors: Faith Ajayi, Jenny Jan, Amit G. Singal, Nicole E. Rich

Published in: Current Hepatology Reports | Issue 4/2020

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the current literature on race and gender disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence, stage at diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in the USA.

Recent Findings

HCC incidence rates are rising in the USA in all racial/ethnic groups except for Asian/Pacific Islanders, with disproportionate rises and the highest rates among Hispanics compared to Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. There are striking sex disparities in HCC incidence and mortality; however, with the shifting epidemiology of HCC risk factors in the USA, there is recent evidence that HCC is trending towards less male predominance, particularly among younger birth cohorts. Despite significant advances in HCC treatment over the past decade, disparities in HCC surveillance and treatment receipt persist among racial and ethnic minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. Black patients continue to experience worse survival outcomes than non-Black patients with HCC.

Summary

There are significant racial and gender disparities in HCC incidence, treatment, and mortality in the USA. Though these disparities are well-documented, data are still limited on the specific determinants driving disparities in HCC. To achieve health equity for all patients with HCC, we must advance beyond simply reporting on disparities and begin implementing targeted interventions to eliminate disparities.
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Metadata
Title
Racial and Sex Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA
Authors
Faith Ajayi
Jenny Jan
Amit G. Singal
Nicole E. Rich
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Hepatology Reports / Issue 4/2020
Electronic ISSN: 2195-9595
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11901-020-00554-6

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