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Published in: European Journal of Nutrition 6/2020

01-09-2020 | Food Allergy | Original Contribution

Wheat-induced food allergy in childhood: ancient grains seem no way out

Authors: Steven Sievers, Alexander Rohrbach, Kirsten Beyer

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 6/2020

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Abstract

Purpose

Wheat is a frequent elicitor of food allergy in childhood. Especially in popular media, the better digestibility and the lower allergenicity of ancient grains are repeatedly postulated. We addressed the question whether ancient wheat-related grains are less allergenic than modern wheat.

Methods

Proteins from cultivars of spelt, einkorn, emmer and durum along with durum soft wheat flour, Tritordeum and bread wheat were separated by electrophoresis. Immunoblots were performed with a pool serum of six sera from wheat-sensitized children aged 1–11 years (wheat-specific IgE 22 kUA/l). As controls, pool serum from five sera atopic patients aged 3–13 years who had no sensitization to wheat (wheat-specific IgE 0.11 kUA/l) and six sera from non-atopics at the age of 3 months to 5 years (wheat-specific IgE 0.06 kUA/l) was used. Area under the curve (AUC) in Coomassie-stained gels and immunoblots was determined and related.

Results

Water/salt-soluble protein patterns were very similar among varieties. In einkorn cultivars, one protein band corresponding to an alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor (ATI) was absent. Water-insoluble protein fractions differed markedly among varieties and cultivars. IgE bound to a large number of proteins in all protein fractions both in wheat and in the wheat-related ancient grains.

Conclusions

Patients with sensitization to wheat show a significant IgE binding against both modern and ancient grain varieties of the genus Triticum. Therefore, ancient grains do not appear to have a generally reduced risk for wheat allergy sufferers. However, few individuals only sensitized to ATI could benefit from the consumption of einkorn.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Wheat-induced food allergy in childhood: ancient grains seem no way out
Authors
Steven Sievers
Alexander Rohrbach
Kirsten Beyer
Publication date
01-09-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword
Food Allergy
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 6/2020
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02116-z

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