Published in:
01-12-2019 | Fifth Disease | Review Article
Gianotti–Crosti syndrome (papular acrodermatitis of childhood) in the era of a viral recrudescence and vaccine opposition
Published in: World Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 6/2019
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Background
Gianotti–Crosti syndrome is characterized by an acute onset of a papular or papulovesicular eruption with a symmetrical distribution.
Data sources
A PubMed search was conducted using Clinical Queries with the key terms “Gianotti-Crosti syndrome” OR “papular acrodermatitis”. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. This paper is based on, but not limited to, the search results.
Results
The eruption of Gianotti–Crosti syndrome is found predominantly on the cheeks, extensor surfaces of the extremities, and buttocks. There is a sparing of antecubital and popliteal fossae as well as palms, soles, and mucosal surfaces. Although often asymptomatic, the lesions may be mildly to moderately pruritic. Gianotti–Crosti syndrome is most common in children between 1 and 6 years of age. The Epstein–Barr virus and the hepatitis B virus are the most common pathogens associated with Gianotti–Crosti syndrome. No treatment for Gianotti–Crosti syndrome is necessary because it is self-limited. In an era of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, Gianotti–Crosti syndrome may be important to mention to parents, because it can occur and trigger alarmism.
Conclusions
Gianotti–Crosti syndrome is mainly a disease of early childhood, characterized by an acute onset of a papular or papulovesicular eruption with a symmetrical distribution. With the advent of more universal vaccination against hepatitis B virus, Epstein–Barr virus has become the most common etiologic agent of Gianotti–Crosti syndrome. Few cases of post-vaccination Gianotti–Crosti syndrome have been reported. Currently, the emphasis should be placed on its self-limiting attribution.