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Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 2/2008

01-06-2008 | NON-THEMATIC REVIEW

Demethylation of (Cytosine-5-C-methyl) DNA and regulation of transcription in the epigenetic pathways of cancer development

Authors: Samir Kumar Patra, Aditi Patra, Federica Rizzi, Tapash Chandra Ghosh, Saverio Bettuzzi

Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Issue 2/2008

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Abstract

Cancer cells and tissues exhibit genome wide hypomethylation and regional hypermethylation. CpG-methylation of DNA (MeCpG-DNA) is defined as the formation of a C–C covalent bond between the 5′-C of cytosine and the –CH3 group of S-adenosylmethionine. Removal of the sole –CH3 group from the methylated cytosine of DNA is one of the many ways of DNA-demethylation, which contributes to activation of transcription. The mechanism of demethylation, the candidate enzyme(s) exhibiting direct demethylase activity and associated cofactors are not firmly established. Genome-wide hypomethylation can be obtained in several ways by inactivation of DNMT enzyme activity, including covalent trapping of DNMT by cytosine base analogues. Removal of methyl layer could also be occurred by excision of the 5-methyl cytosine base by DNA glycosylases. The importance of truly chemically defined direct demethylation of intact DNA in regulation of gene expression, development, cell differentiation and transformation are discussed in this contribution.
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Metadata
Title
Demethylation of (Cytosine-5-C-methyl) DNA and regulation of transcription in the epigenetic pathways of cancer development
Authors
Samir Kumar Patra
Aditi Patra
Federica Rizzi
Tapash Chandra Ghosh
Saverio Bettuzzi
Publication date
01-06-2008
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Issue 2/2008
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-008-9118-y

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