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Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease 5/2021

01-06-2021 | Dementia | Review Article

Modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration-related dementia: can microglial toll-like receptors pull the plug?

Authors: Rohit Kumar Tiwari, Afrasim Moin, Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi, Syed Monowar Alam Shahid, Preeti Bajpai

Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease | Issue 5/2021

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Abstract

Neurodegeneration-associated dementia disorders (NADDs), namely Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, are developed by a significant portion of the elderly population globally. Extensive research has provided critical insights into the molecular basis of the pathological advancements of these diseases, but an efficient curative therapy seems elusive. A common attribute of NADDs is neuroinflammation due to a chronic inflammatory response within the central nervous system (CNS), which is primarily modulated by microglia. This response within the CNS is positively regulated by cytokines, chemokines, secondary messengers or cyclic nucleotides, and free radicals. Microglia mediated immune activation is regulated by a positive feedback loop in NADDs. The present review focuses on evaluating the crosstalk between inflammatory mediators and microglia, which aggravates both the clinical progression and extent of NADDs by forming a persistent chronic inflammatory milieu within the CNS. We also discuss the role of the human gut microbiota and its effect on NADDs as well as the suitability of targeting toll-like receptors for an immunotherapeutic intervention targeting the deflation of an inflamed milieu within the CNS.
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Metadata
Title
Modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration-related dementia: can microglial toll-like receptors pull the plug?
Authors
Rohit Kumar Tiwari
Afrasim Moin
Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
Syed Monowar Alam Shahid
Preeti Bajpai
Publication date
01-06-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Metabolic Brain Disease / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0885-7490
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7365
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00696-6

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