Published in:
01-08-2020 | Dabigatran | Original Research
Effect of Sex, Use of Pantoprazole and Polymorphisms in SLC22A1, ABCB1, CES1, CYP3A5 and CYP2D6 on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dabigatran
Published in: Advances in Therapy | Issue 8/2020
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Introduction
Dabigatran is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) used for the treatment of several thrombotic conditions. To date, very few pharmacogenetic studies on dabigatran were published. We aimed to investigate the influence of 59 polymorphisms in 15 genes (including CES1, UGT and CYP that encode enzymes and ABCB1 and SLC that encode transporters), concomitant treatment with pantoprazole and demographic characteristics (including sex or race) on dabigatran pharmacokinetics and safety.
Methods
This was a candidate gene pharmacogenetic study. The study population comprised 107 volunteers enrolled in two dabigatran bioequivalence clinical trials; they were genotyped with a ThermoFisher QuantStudio 12K Flex OpenArray instrument. SPSS software v.21 was used for statistical analysis.
Results
Women showed a higher exposure to dabigatran compared to men. The concomitant treatment with pantoprazole was associated with a decreased exposure to the drug. CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) were related to lower clearance (Cl/F) (p = 0.049) and a tendency was observed towards higher area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax) and to lower volume of distribution (Vd/F) (p < 0.10). SLC22A1 haplotype was related to pharmacokinetic variability (p < 0.05). The remaining genes (including CYP, UGT1A1 and ABCB1) had no effect on dabigatran pharmacokinetics (p > 0.10). Women showed more adverse drug reactions (ADR) compared to men (0.40 ± 0.68 vs 0.15 ± 0.41 ADR per person, p = 0.03) and SLC22A1 mutant haplotype was related to a lower risk of nausea (p = 0.02).
Conclusion
Sex, concomitant use of pantoprazole and SLC22A1, CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 polymorphism had an effect on dabigatran pharmacokinetics and safety. Previously published pharmacogenetic predictors, namely CES1 or ABCB1 polymorphisms, had no effect on pharmacokinetics and safety. This study is of interest as it increases the scarce pharmacogenetic information on dabigatran.