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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | COVID-19 | Research

Evaluation of blood pressure variation in recovered COVID-19 patients at one-year follow-up: a retrospective cohort study

Authors: Pouria Azami, Reza Golchin Vafa, Reza Heydarzadeh, Mehrdad Sadeghi, Farhang Amiri, Alireza Azadian, Amin Khademolhosseini, Mina Yousefi, Mohammad Montaseri, Nazanin Hosseini, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Javad Kojuri

Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has various sequelae, one of which might be hypertension. We aimed to evaluate COVID-19’s impact on blood pressure (BP) in non-hospitalized patients at one-year follow-up.

Method

A total of 7,950 consecutive COVID-19 patients regularly visiting our cardiology clinic were retrospectively screened. Patients’ electronic medical records including demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, treatments, and outcomes, were reviewed by two physicians. Individuals with at least one BP measurement in the three months preceding COVID-19 and one measurement in 12 months or more following recovery were included. BP levels before and after COVID-19 were compared using the paired t-test.

Results

5,355 confirmed COVID-19 patients (mean age 55.51 ± 15.38 years) were included. Hypertension (56.9%) and diabetes mellitus (34%) were the predominant comorbidities, and 44.3% had prior major adverse cardiovascular events. Both systolic (126.90 ± 20.91 vs. 139.99 ± 23.94 mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic BP (80.54 ± 13.94 vs. 86.49 ± 14.40 mmHg, P < 0.001) were significantly higher post-COVID-19 vs. pre-COVID-19. Notably, 456 (14%) hypertensive patients experienced exacerbated hypertension, while 408 (17%) patients developed new-onset hypertension, overall 864 (16%) of patients had exacerbation or new hypertension. Linear regression analysis revealed that advanced age, smoking, previous cardiovascular events, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus predict increased BP following COVID-19 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

COVID-19 raised systolic and diastolic BP in the long term in non-hospitalized patients, with over one-sixth developing new-onset or exacerbated hypertension. All patients should be evaluated regarding BP, following COVID-19 recovery, particularly those with the mentioned predictive factors. (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT05798208)
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Metadata
Title
Evaluation of blood pressure variation in recovered COVID-19 patients at one-year follow-up: a retrospective cohort study
Authors
Pouria Azami
Reza Golchin Vafa
Reza Heydarzadeh
Mehrdad Sadeghi
Farhang Amiri
Alireza Azadian
Amin Khademolhosseini
Mina Yousefi
Mohammad Montaseri
Nazanin Hosseini
Seyed Ali Hosseini
Javad Kojuri
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2261
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-03916-w

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