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01-06-2019 | Central Nervous System Trauma

Pituitary dysfunction due to sports-related traumatic brain injury

Authors: Aysa Hacioglu, Fahrettin Kelestimur, Fatih Tanriverdi

Published in: Pituitary | Issue 3/2019

Abstract

Purpose

After traumatic brain injury was accepted as an important etiologic factor of pituitary dysfunction (PD), awareness of risk of developing PD following sports-related traumatic brain injury (SR-TBI) has also increased. However there are not many studies investigating PD following SR-TBIs yet. We aimed to summarize the data reported so far and to discuss screening algorithms and treatment strategies.

Methods

Recent data on pituitary dysfunction after SR-TBIs is reviewed on basis of diagnosis, clinical perspectives, therapy, screening and possible prevention strategies.

Results

Pituitary dysfunction is reported to occur in a range of 15–46.6% following SR-TBIs depending on the study design. Growth hormone is the most commonly reported pituitary hormone deficiency in athletes. Pituitary hormone deficiencies may occur during acute phase after head trauma, may improve with time or new deficiencies may develop during follow-up. Central adrenal insufficiency is the only and most critical impairment that requires urgent detection and replacement during acute phase. Decision on replacement of growth hormone and gonadal deficiencies should be individualized. Moreover these two hormones are abused by many athletes and a therapeutic use exemption from the league’s drug policy may be required.

Conclusions

Even mild and forgotten SR-TBIs may cause PD that may have distressing consequences in some cases if remain undiagnosed. More studies are needed to elucidate epidemiology and pathophysiology of PD after SR-TBIs. Also studies to establish screening algorithms for PD as well as strategies for prevention of SR-TBIs are urgently required.

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Title: Pituitary dysfunction due to sports-related traumatic brain injury
Authors: Aysa Hacioglu
Fahrettin Kelestimur
Fatih Tanriverdi
Publication date: 01-06-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Central Nervous System Trauma
Traumatic Brain Injuries
Hypogonadism
Published in: Pituitary / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1386-341X
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7403
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-019-00937-z

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Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Traumatic brain injury induced neuroendocrine changes: acute hormonal changes of anterior pituitary function

Clinical picture and the treatment of TBI-induced hypopituitarism

Traumatic brain injury and resultant pituitary dysfunction: insights from experimental animal models

Pituitary pathology in traumatic brain injury: a review

A neurosurgical approach to traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic hypopituitarism

The history of pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury

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