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Open Access 21-03-2024 | Basics of Nutrition in Children | REVIEW

Potential Micronutrient Deficiencies in the First 1000 Days of Life: The Pediatrician on the Side of the Weakest

Authors: Carolà Panzeri, Luca Pecoraro, Alice Dianin, Andrea Sboarina, Olivia C. Arnone, Giorgio Piacentini, Angelo Pietrobelli

Published in: Current Obesity Reports

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This study is to examine potential micronutrient deficiencies and any need for supplementation in children following specific diet plans in the first 1000 days of life.

Recent Findings

Optimal nutrition in the first 1000 days of life has a lifelong positive impact on child development. Specific intrauterine and perinatal factors, pathological conditions, and dietary restrictions can represent potential risk factors for micronutrient deficiencies in the first 1000 days of life, which can have negative systemic consequences. Preterm and low-birth-weight infants are intrinsically at risk because of immature body systems. Children affected by cystic fibrosis are prone to malnutrition because of intestinal malabsorption. The risk of micronutrient deficiency can increase in various situations, including but not limited to children following selective dietary regimens (vegetarian and vegan diets and children affected by specific neuropsychiatric conditions) or specific dietary therapies (children affected by food allergies or specific metabolic disorders and children following restricted diet as a part of therapeutic approach, i.e., ketogenic diet for epilepsy). In light of this situation, the micronutrient status in these categories of children should be investigated in order to tailor strategies specific to the individual’s metabolic needs, with a particular focus on deficiencies which can impair or delay the physical and cognitive development of children, namely, vitamin B12, vitamin D and folic acid, as well as oligo-elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and essential fatty acids such as omega-3.

Summary

Identification of micronutrient deficiency in the first 1000 days of life and timely supplementation proves essential to prevent their long-term consequences.

Graphical Abstract

Available only for authorised users

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Title: Potential Micronutrient Deficiencies in the First 1000 Days of Life: The Pediatrician on the Side of the Weakest
Authors: Carolà Panzeri
Luca Pecoraro
Alice Dianin
Andrea Sboarina
Olivia C. Arnone
Giorgio Piacentini
Angelo Pietrobelli
Publication date: 21-03-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Basics of Nutrition in Children
Metabolic Disease and Nutrition
Nutrition during Pregnancy
Food Intolerance and Allergy in Pediatrics
Premature Birth
Cystic Fibrosis
Malnutrition
Nutritional Supplements and Skin
Nutrition
Premature Birth
Pediatric Allergology
Intolerance and Allergy in Children
Food Intolerance and Allergy
Folic Acid
Published in: Current Obesity Reports
Electronic ISSN: 2162-4968
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00554-3

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Potential Micronutrient Deficiencies in the First 1000 Days of Life: The Pediatrician on the Side of the Weakest

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Graphical Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Graphical Abstract

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