Published in:
Open Access
23-10-2023 | Amyloidosis | Original Article
Heterogenous electrophysiological features in early stage of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis neuropathy
Authors:
Stefano Tozza, Giovanni Palumbo, Daniele Severi, Aniello Iovino, Emanuele Spina, Francesco Aruta, Emanuele Cassano, Rosa Iodice, Raffaele Dubbioso, Lucia Ruggiero, Maria Nolano, Lucio Santoro, Fiore Manganelli
Published in:
Neurological Sciences
|
Issue 4/2024
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Abstract
Introduction
Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTRv, v for variant) is a progressive disease caused by mutations in the TTR gene, leading to sensory-motor, axonal and length-dependent neuropathy. However, some patients may show variable electrophysiological pattern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrophysiological features of TTR amyloid neuropathy at the time of the first nerve conduction study (NCS) to assess whether there were distinguishing features useful for early diagnosis.
Methods
We retrospectively revised the first electrophysiological findings of ATTRv patients, and we categorized the neuropathy based on nerve conduction slowing, type of involved fibres and distribution pattern of PNS involvement. Cluster analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence of neuropathy features between the early and late stage of disease, based on disease duration and disability burden assessed by NIS.
Results
We recruited 33 patients (27 males) with mean age 63.9 ± 10.8 years, mean disease duration 2.8 ± 2.4 years and mean NIS 47.6 ± 41.8. Overall, the frequency analysis showed that the most common features of ATTRv neuropathy included the categories of axonal, sensory-motor and neuronopathic-like pattern. This electrophysiological pattern of PNS involvement was constant in patients in late stage of disease, whereas ATTRv patients in early stage of disease displayed variable electrophysiological pattern of PNS involvement.
Discussion
Our findings demonstrated that ATTRv neuropathy may present at first NCS in a variable way, and it changes over the course of disease. Such heterogeneity makes the suspicion of ATTRv even more challenging at the time of first electrophysiological examination.