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Neurological Sciences
Published in: Neurological Sciences 4/2024

09-11-2023 | Autoimmune Encephalitis | Original Article

Acute Symptomatic Seizures and Risk of Seizure Recurrence in Patients with Anti-NMDAR, Anti-LGI1, and Anti-GABABR Encephalitis

Authors: Dingge Cui, Jilun Feng, Mu Yang, Yuanyuan Dong, Yajun Lian

Published in: Neurological Sciences | Issue 4/2024

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Abstract

Aims

To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute symptomatic seizures and predict the risk factors for seizure recurrence in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), and anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABABR) encephalitis.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included hospitalized patients who had been diagnosed with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABABR encephalitis between November 2014 and April 2021. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the potential risk factors for seizure recurrence.

Results

In total, 262 patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABABR encephalitis were included, 197 (75.2%) of whom presented with acute symptomatic seizures. During follow-up, 42 patients exhibited seizure recurrence. In anti-NMDAR encephalitis, frontal lobe abnormality on brain magnetic resonance imaging, delayed immunotherapy, early seizures, and focal motor onset were associated with seizure recurrence.

Conclusions

Acute symptomatic seizure is a common clinical feature observed in patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABABR encephalitis, with 50% of patients presenting with seizures as an initial symptom. The prognosis of patients with acute symptomatic seizures can be improved after receiving immunotherapy. Nevertheless, a minority of patients will experience seizure recurrence; therefore, restarting immunotherapy is recommended.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Acute Symptomatic Seizures and Risk of Seizure Recurrence in Patients with Anti-NMDAR, Anti-LGI1, and Anti-GABABR Encephalitis
Authors
Dingge Cui
Jilun Feng
Mu Yang
Yuanyuan Dong
Yajun Lian
Publication date
09-11-2023
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Neurological Sciences / Issue 4/2024
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-07165-1

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