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Digestive Diseases and Sciences
Published in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences 1/2022

01-01-2022 | Ulcerative Colitis | Review

New Insights into the Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Authors: Ying Qi, Hui-min Wu, Zhao Yang, Yi-fei Zhou, Lei Jin, Miao-fang Yang, Fang-yu Wang

Published in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders with a prolonged duration characterized by recurrent relapse and remission. The exact etiology of IBD remains poorly understood despite the identification of relevant risk factors, including individual genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and disruption of immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is believed to exacerbate the progression of IBD. Recently, increasing evidence has also linked oral microbiota dysbiosis with the development of IBD. On the one hand, IBD patients show significantly unbalanced composition and function of the oral microbiota known as dysbiosis. On the other, overabundances of oral commensal bacteria with opportunistic pathogenicity have been found in the gut microbiota of IBD patients. Herein, we review the current information on the causative factors of IBD, especially recent evidence of IBD-associated oral microbiota dysbiosis, which has seldom been covered in the previous literature review, highlighting the pathogenic mechanisms of specific oral bacteria in the development of IBD. Ectopic colonization of several oral bacteria, including a subset of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter concisus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, may lead to destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines, disruption of the host immune system, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota, consequently aggravating chronic intestinal inflammation. Studying oral microbiota dysbiosis may open future horizons for understanding IBD pathogenesis and provide novel biomarkers for IBD. This review also presents the current treatment and new perspectives for IBD treatment.
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Metadata
Title
New Insights into the Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors
Ying Qi
Hui-min Wu
Zhao Yang
Yi-fei Zhou
Lei Jin
Miao-fang Yang
Fang-yu Wang
Publication date
01-01-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Digestive Diseases and Sciences / Issue 1/2022
Print ISSN: 0163-2116
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2568
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-021-06837-2

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