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01-10-2019 | Type 2 Diabetes | Review

Racial/ethnic differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes over the life course: a focus on the USA and India

Authors: Sherita H. Golden, Chittaranjan Yajnik, Sanat Phatak, Robert L. Hanson, William C. Knowler

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 10/2019

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is a common disease worldwide, but its prevalence varies widely by geographical region and by race/ethnicity. This review summarises differences in the frequencies of type 2 diabetes according to race, ethnicity, socioeconomic position, area of residence and environmental toxins. Type 2 diabetes susceptibility often begins early in life, starting with genetic susceptibility at conception and continuing in later life, via in utero, childhood and adult exposures. Early-life factors may lead to overt type 2 diabetes in childhood or in later life, supporting the concept of developmental origins of health and disease. The causes of the racial/ethnic differences in incidence of type 2 diabetes are not well understood. Specifically, the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to such differences are largely unknown. With a few exceptions in isolated populations, there is little evidence that differences in frequencies of known type 2 diabetes susceptibility genetic alleles account for racial/ethnic differences, although the search for genetic susceptibility has not been uniform among the world’s racial/ethnic groups. In the USA, race/ethnicity is associated with many other risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including being overweight/obese, diet and socioeconomic status. Some studies suggest that some of these factors may account for the race/ethnic differences in prevalence of type 2 diabetes, although there is inadequate research in this area. A better understanding of the impact of these factors on type 2 diabetes risk should lead to more effective prevention and treatment of this disease. This has not yet been achieved but should be a goal for future research.

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Title: Racial/ethnic differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes over the life course: a focus on the USA and India
Authors: Sherita H. Golden
Chittaranjan Yajnik
Sanat Phatak
Robert L. Hanson
William C. Knowler
Publication date: 01-10-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Type 2 Diabetes
Published in: Diabetologia / Issue 10/2019
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4968-0

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