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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 1/2008

Open Access 01-01-2008 | Article

Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study

Authors: C. S. Yajnik, S. S. Deshpande, A. A. Jackson, H. Refsum, S. Rao, D. J. Fisher, D. S. Bhat, S. S. Naik, K. J. Coyaji, C. V. Joglekar, N. Joshi, H. G. Lubree, V. U. Deshpande, S. S. Rege, C. H. D. Fall

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 1/2008

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Raised maternal plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations predict small size at birth, which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied the association between maternal vitamin B12, folate and tHcy status during pregnancy, and offspring adiposity and insulin resistance at 6 years.

Methods

In the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study we studied 700 consecutive eligible pregnant women in six villages. We measured maternal nutritional intake and circulating concentrations of folate, vitamin B12, tHcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA) at 18 and 28 weeks of gestation. These were correlated with offspring anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-R]) at 6 years.

Results

Two-thirds of mothers had low vitamin B12 (<150 pmol/l), 90% had high MMA (>0.26 μmol/l) and 30% had raised tHcy concentrations (>10 μmol/l); only one had a low erythrocyte folate concentration. Although short and thin (BMI), the 6-year-old children were relatively adipose compared with the UK standards (skinfold thicknesses). Higher maternal erythrocyte folate concentrations at 28 weeks predicted higher offspring adiposity and higher HOMA-R (both p < 0.01). Low maternal vitamin B12 (18 weeks; p = 0.03) predicted higher HOMA-R in the children. The offspring of mothers with a combination of high folate and low vitamin B12 concentrations were the most insulin resistant.

Conclusions/interpretation

Low maternal vitamin B12 and high folate status may contribute to the epidemic of adiposity and type 2 diabetes in India.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
Authors
C. S. Yajnik
S. S. Deshpande
A. A. Jackson
H. Refsum
S. Rao
D. J. Fisher
D. S. Bhat
S. S. Naik
K. J. Coyaji
C. V. Joglekar
N. Joshi
H. G. Lubree
V. U. Deshpande
S. S. Rege
C. H. D. Fall
Publication date
01-01-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 1/2008
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0793-y

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