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Current Diabetes Reports

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01-09-2019 | Type 1 Diabetes | Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes (A Pugliese and SJ Richardson, Section Editors)

Extracellular Vesicles in Type 1 Diabetes: Messengers and Regulators

Authors: Sarita Negi, Alissa K. Rutman, Steven Paraskevas

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 9/2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Theories about the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) refer to the potential of primary islet inflammatory signaling as a trigger for the loss of self-tolerance leading to disease onset. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EV) may represent the missing link between inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we review the evidence for a role of EV in the pathogenesis of T1D, as well as discuss their potential value in the clinical sphere, as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.

Recent Findings

EV derived from β cells are enriched in diabetogenic autoantigens and miRNAs that are selectively sorted and packaged. These EV play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and cell to cell communication leading to activation of autoimmune responses. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests the potential of EV as novel tools in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.

Summary

In-depth analysis of EV cargo using modern multi-parametric technologies may be useful in enhancing our understanding of EV-mediated immune mechanisms and in identifying robust biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for T1D.

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Title: Extracellular Vesicles in Type 1 Diabetes: Messengers and Regulators
Authors: Sarita Negi
Alissa K. Rutman
Steven Paraskevas
Publication date: 01-09-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes
Biomarkers
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 9/2019
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1193-7

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