Preterm birth presents a major challenge in perinatal care, accounting for approximately 11.1% of births occurring during the preterm period, resulting in 14.9 million live births worldwide [ 1 ]. It is the leading cause of both neonatal and child …

Preterm delivery occurs in approximately 10% of all deliveries worldwide, and is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term morbidities [ 1 – 3 ]. Spontaneous preterm labor (PTL), which affects 2–3% of all pregnancies, is responsible for …

Preterm birth, defined as a delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, occurs in 15 million babies each year and is a major risk for perinatal mortality [ 1 ]. In fact, there has been an increase in preterm delivery rates in developed countries in the …

Preterm birth is defined as birth before 37 weeks gestation. In 2019, one in ten infants was born preterm in the United States [ 1 ]. Spontaneous preterm births account for 60–65% of all preterm births [ 2 ]. Risk factors for spontaneous preterm …

A threatened preterm labor (TPL) represents an adverse prenatal event that may affect fetal neurodevelopment, even in absence of prematurity. Indeed, late-preterm infants, without neurological complications, also exhibit neurodevelopment …

Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) remains a critical health issue worldwide, despite the introduction of the human papilloma virus vaccination [ 1 , 2 ]. Since CIN is prevalent among individuals of reproductive age [ 1 ], the effect of its …

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article. Contrary to the statement in the article, the authors did not obtain approval from a research ethics committee before conducting this interventional randomized control trial and therefore this study …

Periodontal disease is the major cause for tooth loss and affects up to 90% of the population worldwide [ 1 ]. As a biofilm-induced chronic infectious disease, periodontal disease is initially inflicted by complex microbial communities’ transition …

Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes (pPROM) are major pregnancy complications. Although PTB and pPROM have common etiologies, they arise from distinct pathophysiologic pathways. Inflammation is a common …

Cesarean section is the most performed surgery in modern obstetrics. The rates of cesarean section have increased worldwide over the last few decades [ 1 ] to the extent that was labeled as an epidemic by the International Federation of Gynecology …

Subclinical intra-amniotic inflammation [defined as an elevated level of inflammatory markers in the amniotic fluid (AF)] in the absence of intra-amniotic infection (defined as positive AF cultures for microorganisms) is associated with similar …

Preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL), followed by preterm delivery (PTD), are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and are strongly associated with subclinical intrauterine infection, as confirmed by inflammation within the …