Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Tobacco use patterns, knowledge, attitudes towards tobacco and availability of tobacco control training among school personnel from a rural area in Poland

Authors: Dorota Kaleta, Kinga Polańska, Adam Rzeźnicki, Włodzimierz Stelmach, Piotr Wojtysiak

Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Tobacco-free school environment as well as non-smoking teachers and school personnel provide positive role models for children and young people. In Poland, smoking should be banned in colleges, schools, educational establishments and educational care facilities. However, for the existing law to be effective, awareness of all people in school curriculum and enforcement of the law are crucial. The aim of the study was to evaluate tobacco use patterns, knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco as well as availability of tobacco control training among school personnel in a rural area in Poland. Moreover, compliance with tobacco control policies and their enforcement were assessed.

Methods

The study was carried out in Piotrkowski district between November 2014 and May 2015 in accordance with the Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) methodology. Sixty schools participated in the survey (92% of the schools from the region) with involvement of 1044 teachers and 500 non-teaching staff (the response rate – 83.1%). The multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to study factors linked to the need for anti-tobacco training dedicated to the youth and teachers’ knowledge as well as activities to educate the students about tobacco use and its prevention.

Results

About 24% of the school personnel were current and 9% were ex-smokers. Significantly more teachers than the non-teaching staff indicated that the schools had a policy prohibiting tobacco use among students. In addition, 6% of the study participants indicated everyday violations of the tobacco control policy by the school personnel. More than 80% of the teaching personnel indicated the need for training dedicated to the youth to prevent their tobacco use. In the multivariate linear regression model, longer duration of working experience predicted higher levels of knowledge and more activities performed to teach the youth about tobacco use and its prevention. The smokers comparing to the non–smokers perceived the need for anti- tobacco training among the youth less strongly.

Conclusions

In order to make it possible for the inhabitants of Piotrkowski district to work and learn in tobacco smoke free environment there is an urgent need for taking actions aiming at increasing effectiveness of enforcing applicable tobacco control regulations in educational units. The necessity for systematic training dedicated to the youth to prevent their tobacco use, including accurate preparation of teachers, also needs to be highlighted.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
4.
go back to reference Kaleta D, Usidame B, Biliński P, Raciborski F, Samoliński A, Wojtyła A, Fronczak A. Global adult tobacco survey (GATS) in Poland 2009–2010 – study strengths, limitations and lessons learned. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):658–63. Kaleta D, Usidame B, Biliński P, Raciborski F, Samoliński A, Wojtyła A, Fronczak A. Global adult tobacco survey (GATS) in Poland 2009–2010 – study strengths, limitations and lessons learned. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):658–63.
5.
go back to reference Kaleta D, Usidame B, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Leinsalu M. Prevalence and factors associated with hardcore smoking in Poland: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010). BMC Public Health. 2014;14:583.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kaleta D, Usidame B, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Leinsalu M. Prevalence and factors associated with hardcore smoking in Poland: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010). BMC Public Health. 2014;14:583.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Kaleta D, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Fronczak A. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking in Poland: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010). Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012;25(2):126–36.CrossRefPubMed Kaleta D, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Fronczak A. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking in Poland: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010). Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012;25(2):126–36.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Kaleta D, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Fronczak A. Determinants of heavy smoking: results from the global adult tobacco survey in Poland (2009–2010). Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012;25(1):66–79.CrossRefPubMed Kaleta D, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Fronczak A. Determinants of heavy smoking: results from the global adult tobacco survey in Poland (2009–2010). Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012;25(1):66–79.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Włodarczyk A, Raciborski F, Opoczyńska D, Samoliński B, GATS PWG. Daily tobacco smoking patterns in rural and urban areas of Poland--the results of the GATS study. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):588–94.PubMed Włodarczyk A, Raciborski F, Opoczyńska D, Samoliński B, GATS PWG. Daily tobacco smoking patterns in rural and urban areas of Poland--the results of the GATS study. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):588–94.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Poulsen LH, Osler M, Roberts C, Due P, Damsgaard MT, Holstein BE. Exposure to teachers smoking and adolescent smoking behaviour: analysis of cross sectional data from Denmark. Tob Control. 2002;11(3):246–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Poulsen LH, Osler M, Roberts C, Due P, Damsgaard MT, Holstein BE. Exposure to teachers smoking and adolescent smoking behaviour: analysis of cross sectional data from Denmark. Tob Control. 2002;11(3):246–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Conrad KM, Flay BR, Hill D. Why children start smoking cigarettes: predictors of onset. Br J Addict. 1992;87:1711–24.CrossRefPubMed Conrad KM, Flay BR, Hill D. Why children start smoking cigarettes: predictors of onset. Br J Addict. 1992;87:1711–24.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kaleta D, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Fronczak A. Predictors of smoking initiation - results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in Poland 2009–2010. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(4):756–66.PubMed Kaleta D, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Fronczak A. Predictors of smoking initiation - results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in Poland 2009–2010. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(4):756–66.PubMed
13.
go back to reference Fronczak A, Polańska K, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Bąk-Romaniszyn L, Korytkowski P, Wojtyła A, Kaleta D. Changes in smoking prevalence and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among adults in Łódź, Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):754–61.PubMed Fronczak A, Polańska K, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Bąk-Romaniszyn L, Korytkowski P, Wojtyła A, Kaleta D. Changes in smoking prevalence and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among adults in Łódź, Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):754–61.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Pierce JP, White VM, Emery SL. What public health strategies are needed to reduce smoking initiation? Tob Control. 2012;21:258–64.CrossRefPubMed Pierce JP, White VM, Emery SL. What public health strategies are needed to reduce smoking initiation? Tob Control. 2012;21:258–64.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Aslam SK, Zaheer S, Rao S, Shafique K. Prevalence and determinants of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among school students in Pakistan: secondary analysis of Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2014;9:1–10.CrossRef Aslam SK, Zaheer S, Rao S, Shafique K. Prevalence and determinants of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among school students in Pakistan: secondary analysis of Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2014;9:1–10.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference GTSS Collaborative Group. The global school personnel survey: a cross-country overview. Tob Control. 2006;15 Suppl 2:ii20–30. GTSS Collaborative Group. The global school personnel survey: a cross-country overview. Tob Control. 2006;15 Suppl 2:ii20–30.
17.
18.
go back to reference Darling H, Reeder AI, Williams S, McGee R. Is there a relation between school smoking policies and youth cigarette smoking knowledge and behaviors? Health Educ Res. 2006;21(1):108–15.CrossRefPubMed Darling H, Reeder AI, Williams S, McGee R. Is there a relation between school smoking policies and youth cigarette smoking knowledge and behaviors? Health Educ Res. 2006;21(1):108–15.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Wold B, Currie C, Roberts C, Aaroe LE. National legislation on school smoking restrictions in eight European countries. Health Promot Int. 2004;19(4):482–8.CrossRefPubMed Wold B, Currie C, Roberts C, Aaroe LE. National legislation on school smoking restrictions in eight European countries. Health Promot Int. 2004;19(4):482–8.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Lovato CY, Sabiston CM, Hadd V, Nykiforuk CI, Campbell HS. The impact of school smoking policies and student perceptions of enforcement on school smoking prevalence and location of smoking. Health Educ Res. 2007;22(6):782–93.CrossRefPubMed Lovato CY, Sabiston CM, Hadd V, Nykiforuk CI, Campbell HS. The impact of school smoking policies and student perceptions of enforcement on school smoking prevalence and location of smoking. Health Educ Res. 2007;22(6):782–93.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Hamilton B, Torsheim T, Currie C, Roberts C. National and school policies on restrictions of teacher smoking: a multilevel analysis of student exposure to teacher smoking in seven European countries. Health Educ Res. 2004;19(3):217–26.CrossRef Hamilton B, Torsheim T, Currie C, Roberts C. National and school policies on restrictions of teacher smoking: a multilevel analysis of student exposure to teacher smoking in seven European countries. Health Educ Res. 2004;19(3):217–26.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Barnett TA, Gauvin L, Lambert M, O’Loughlin J, Paradis G, McGrath JJ. The influence of school smoking policies on student tobacco use. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(9):842–8.CrossRefPubMed Barnett TA, Gauvin L, Lambert M, O’Loughlin J, Paradis G, McGrath JJ. The influence of school smoking policies on student tobacco use. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(9):842–8.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Moore L, Roberts C, Tudor-Smith C. School smoking policies and smoking prevalence among adolescents: multilevel analysis of cross-sectional data from Wales. Tob Control. 2001;10(2):117–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Moore L, Roberts C, Tudor-Smith C. School smoking policies and smoking prevalence among adolescents: multilevel analysis of cross-sectional data from Wales. Tob Control. 2001;10(2):117–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Farshad AA, Vesali S, Azaripour H, Rahimi Z, Akbari F, Asadi-Lari M. School personnel tobacco use in Iran: results of the global school personnel survey. Prim Health Care. 2012;2:119. Farshad AA, Vesali S, Azaripour H, Rahimi Z, Akbari F, Asadi-Lari M. School personnel tobacco use in Iran: results of the global school personnel survey. Prim Health Care. 2012;2:119.
25.
go back to reference Sorensen G, Gupta PC, Sinha DN, Shastri S, Kamat M, Pednekar MS, Ramakrishnan S. Teacher tobacco use and tobacco use prevention in two regions in India: results of the Global School Personnel Survey. Prev Med. 2005;41(2):417–23.CrossRefPubMed Sorensen G, Gupta PC, Sinha DN, Shastri S, Kamat M, Pednekar MS, Ramakrishnan S. Teacher tobacco use and tobacco use prevention in two regions in India: results of the Global School Personnel Survey. Prev Med. 2005;41(2):417–23.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Huang HL, Hsu CC, Magnus JH Chen FL, Rice J, Lee CH, Yen YY, Chen T. Perceived smoking prevalence at school-level and children’s smoking initiation: a multi-level analysis of a cross-sectional data in Taiwan. Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2008;86:213–21.CrossRef Huang HL, Hsu CC, Magnus JH Chen FL, Rice J, Lee CH, Yen YY, Chen T. Perceived smoking prevalence at school-level and children’s smoking initiation: a multi-level analysis of a cross-sectional data in Taiwan. Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2008;86:213–21.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Leatherdale ST, Manske S. The relationship between student smoking in the school environment and smoking onset in elementary school students. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1762–5.CrossRefPubMed Leatherdale ST, Manske S. The relationship between student smoking in the school environment and smoking onset in elementary school students. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1762–5.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Hamilton G, Cross D, Lower T, Resnicow K, Williams P. School policy: what helps to reduce teenage smoking? Nicotine Tob Res. 2003;5:507–13.CrossRefPubMed Hamilton G, Cross D, Lower T, Resnicow K, Williams P. School policy: what helps to reduce teenage smoking? Nicotine Tob Res. 2003;5:507–13.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Huang HL, Chen FL, Hsu CC, Yen YY, Chen T, Huang CM, Shi HY, Hu CY, Lee CH. A multilevel-based study of school policy for tobacco control in relation to cigarette smoking among children in elementary schools: gender differences. Health Educ Res. 2010;25(3):451–63.CrossRefPubMed Huang HL, Chen FL, Hsu CC, Yen YY, Chen T, Huang CM, Shi HY, Hu CY, Lee CH. A multilevel-based study of school policy for tobacco control in relation to cigarette smoking among children in elementary schools: gender differences. Health Educ Res. 2010;25(3):451–63.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Griesbach D, Inchley J, Currie C. More than words? The status and impact of smoking policies in Scottish schools. Health Promot Int. 2002;7:31–41.CrossRef Griesbach D, Inchley J, Currie C. More than words? The status and impact of smoking policies in Scottish schools. Health Promot Int. 2002;7:31–41.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Amendment of the Act on Protection of Health against Consequences of Consumption of Tobacco and Tobacco Products and the Act on National Sanitary Inspectorate (of 8 April 2010) J Laws. 2010, No. 81, item 529. Amendment of the Act on Protection of Health against Consequences of Consumption of Tobacco and Tobacco Products and the Act on National Sanitary Inspectorate (of 8 April 2010) J Laws. 2010, No. 81, item 529.
32.
go back to reference Balwicki Ł, Stokłosa M, Balwicka-Szczyrba M, Tomczak W. Tobacco industry interference with tobacco control policies in Poland: Legal aspects and industry practices. Tob Control. 2015; 28, doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052582. Balwicki Ł, Stokłosa M, Balwicka-Szczyrba M, Tomczak W. Tobacco industry interference with tobacco control policies in Poland: Legal aspects and industry practices. Tob Control. 2015; 28, doi:10.​1136/​tobaccocontrol-2015-052582.
34.
go back to reference Wojtyniak B, Goryński P, Moskalewicz B. Sytuacja zdrowotna ludności Polski i jej uwarunkowania [The health situation of the Polish population and its determinants]. Warszawa: Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego – Państwowy Zakład Higieny; 2012. in Polish. Wojtyniak B, Goryński P, Moskalewicz B. Sytuacja zdrowotna ludności Polski i jej uwarunkowania [The health situation of the Polish population and its determinants]. Warszawa: Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego – Państwowy Zakład Higieny; 2012. in Polish.
35.
go back to reference Charzyńska-Gula M, Sygit K, Sygit M, Goździewska M, Dobrowolska B, Gałęziowska E. Problems of health education in rural areas in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):515–22.PubMed Charzyńska-Gula M, Sygit K, Sygit M, Goździewska M, Dobrowolska B, Gałęziowska E. Problems of health education in rural areas in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):515–22.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Balwicki Ł, Zarzeczna-Baran M, Wierucki Ł, Jędrzejczyk T, Strahl M, Wrotkowska M, Goniewicz ML, Zdrojewski T. Smoking among pregnant women in small towns in Poland. Int J Public Health. 2016;61(1):111–8. doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0735-2. Epub 2015 Sep 4.CrossRefPubMed Balwicki Ł, Zarzeczna-Baran M, Wierucki Ł, Jędrzejczyk T, Strahl M, Wrotkowska M, Goniewicz ML, Zdrojewski T. Smoking among pregnant women in small towns in Poland. Int J Public Health. 2016;61(1):111–8. doi:10.​1007/​s00038-015-0735-2. Epub 2015 Sep 4.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Giza-Poleszczuk A. Informacja o sytuacji młodzieży na wsi; w: Warunki życia na wsi. Szanse edukacyjne na obszarach wiejskich. [Information copncerning situation of adolescents in rural areas. In: Life conditions in rural areas: Educational opportunities in rural areas]. Biuletyn Forum Debaty Publicznej; ISSN 2083-5868; 2011; vol. 6; Kancelaria Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, Warsaw, June 2011:33–38 (in Polish). Giza-Poleszczuk A. Informacja o sytuacji młodzieży na wsi; w: Warunki życia na wsi. Szanse edukacyjne na obszarach wiejskich. [Information copncerning situation of adolescents in rural areas. In: Life conditions in rural areas: Educational opportunities in rural areas]. Biuletyn Forum Debaty Publicznej; ISSN 2083-5868; 2011; vol. 6; Kancelaria Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, Warsaw, June 2011:33–38 (in Polish).
38.
go back to reference Jodkowska M, Oblacińska A, Tabak I, Radiukiewicz K. Nierówności w dostępie uczniów do profilaktycznej opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce w ostatnim roku wdrażania Rządowego Programu “profilaktyczna opieka zdrowotna nad dziećmi i młodzieżą w środowisku nauczania i wychowania”. [Inequalities in access of Polish schoolchildren to prophylactic health care in the last year of implementation of government project ‘Prophylactic health care of children and adolescents in the environment of education]. Instytut Matki i Dziecka, Warszawa (in Polish). Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego, 2010, XIV, 2: 179-188 http://www.medycynawiekurozwojowego.pl/pl/articles/item/18496/ocena_nierownosci_wdostepie_uczniow_do_profilaktycznej_opieki_zdrowotnej. Jodkowska M, Oblacińska A, Tabak I, Radiukiewicz K. Nierówności w dostępie uczniów do profilaktycznej opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce w ostatnim roku wdrażania Rządowego Programu “profilaktyczna opieka zdrowotna nad dziećmi i młodzieżą w środowisku nauczania i wychowania”. [Inequalities in access of Polish schoolchildren to prophylactic health care in the last year of implementation of government project ‘Prophylactic health care of children and adolescents in the environment of education]. Instytut Matki i Dziecka, Warszawa (in Polish). Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego, 2010, XIV, 2: 179-188 http://​www.​medycynawiekuroz​wojowego.​pl/​pl/​articles/​item/​18496/​ocena_​nierownosci_​wdostepie_​uczniow_​do_​profilaktycznej_​opieki_​zdrowotnej.
44.
go back to reference Wakefield MA, Chaloupka FJ, Kaufman NJ, Orleans CT, Barker DC, Ruel EE. Effect of restrictions on smoking at home, at school, and in public places on teenage smoking: cross sectional study. Br Med J. 2000;321:333–7.CrossRef Wakefield MA, Chaloupka FJ, Kaufman NJ, Orleans CT, Barker DC, Ruel EE. Effect of restrictions on smoking at home, at school, and in public places on teenage smoking: cross sectional study. Br Med J. 2000;321:333–7.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Reid DJ, McNeill AD, Glynn TJ. Reducing the prevalence of smoking in youth in western countries: an international review. Tob Control. 1995;4:266–77.CrossRefPubMedCentral Reid DJ, McNeill AD, Glynn TJ. Reducing the prevalence of smoking in youth in western countries: an international review. Tob Control. 1995;4:266–77.CrossRefPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference Pentz MA, Brannon BR, Charlin VL, Barrett EJ, MacKinnon DP, Flay BR. The power of policy: the relationship of smoking policy to adolescent smoking. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:857–62.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Pentz MA, Brannon BR, Charlin VL, Barrett EJ, MacKinnon DP, Flay BR. The power of policy: the relationship of smoking policy to adolescent smoking. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:857–62.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
go back to reference de Vries H, Engels R, Kremers S, Wetzels J, Mudde A. Parents’ and friends’ smoking status as predictors of smoking onset: findings from six European countries. Health Educ Res. 2003;18:627–36.CrossRefPubMed de Vries H, Engels R, Kremers S, Wetzels J, Mudde A. Parents’ and friends’ smoking status as predictors of smoking onset: findings from six European countries. Health Educ Res. 2003;18:627–36.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Wen CP, Tsai SP, Cheng TY, Hsu CC, Chen T, Lin HS. Role of parents and peers in influencing the smoking status of high school students in Taiwan. Tob Control. 2005;14 Suppl 1:i10–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wen CP, Tsai SP, Cheng TY, Hsu CC, Chen T, Lin HS. Role of parents and peers in influencing the smoking status of high school students in Taiwan. Tob Control. 2005;14 Suppl 1:i10–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
go back to reference Lantz P, Jacobson P, Warner K, Wasserman J, Pollack H, Berson J, Ahlstrom A. Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies. Tob Control. 2000;9:47–63.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lantz P, Jacobson P, Warner K, Wasserman J, Pollack H, Berson J, Ahlstrom A. Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies. Tob Control. 2000;9:47–63.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
50.
go back to reference Thomas RE, Perera R. School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD001293. Thomas RE, Perera R. School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD001293.
51.
go back to reference Dobbins M, DeCorby K, Manske S, Goldblatt E. Effective practices for school-based tobacco use prevention. Prev Med. 2008;46:289–97.CrossRefPubMed Dobbins M, DeCorby K, Manske S, Goldblatt E. Effective practices for school-based tobacco use prevention. Prev Med. 2008;46:289–97.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Peterson Jr AV, Kealey KA, Mann SL, Marek PM, Sarason IG. Hutchinson smoking prevention project: long-term randomized trial in school-based tobacco use prevention–results on smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:1979–91.CrossRefPubMed Peterson Jr AV, Kealey KA, Mann SL, Marek PM, Sarason IG. Hutchinson smoking prevention project: long-term randomized trial in school-based tobacco use prevention–results on smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:1979–91.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Thomas RE, McLellan J, Perera R. School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;4:CD001293. Thomas RE, McLellan J, Perera R. School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;4:CD001293.
54.
go back to reference NHES. National health education standards: achieving excellence. Atlanta: National health education standards; 2007. NHES. National health education standards: achieving excellence. Atlanta: National health education standards; 2007.
55.
go back to reference Gajalakshmi V, Kanimozhi CV, Sinha DN, Rahman K, Warren CW, Asma S. Global school personnel survey among 5200 school personnel in India: comparison of the results for the years 2009 and 2006. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(2):539–43.CrossRefPubMed Gajalakshmi V, Kanimozhi CV, Sinha DN, Rahman K, Warren CW, Asma S. Global school personnel survey among 5200 school personnel in India: comparison of the results for the years 2009 and 2006. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(2):539–43.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Sinha DN, Gupta PC. Tobacco use among school personnel in Orissa. Indian J Public Health. 2004;48(3):123–7.PubMed Sinha DN, Gupta PC. Tobacco use among school personnel in Orissa. Indian J Public Health. 2004;48(3):123–7.PubMed
57.
go back to reference Sinha DN, Roychowdhury S. Tobacco control practices in 25 schools of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health. 2004;48(3):128–31.PubMed Sinha DN, Roychowdhury S. Tobacco control practices in 25 schools of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health. 2004;48(3):128–31.PubMed
58.
go back to reference Zhang L, Wang W, Zhao Q, Vartiainen E. Psychosocial predictors of smoking among secondary school students in Henan, China. Health Educ Res. 2000;15(4):415–22.CrossRefPubMed Zhang L, Wang W, Zhao Q, Vartiainen E. Psychosocial predictors of smoking among secondary school students in Henan, China. Health Educ Res. 2000;15(4):415–22.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Tobacco use patterns, knowledge, attitudes towards tobacco and availability of tobacco control training among school personnel from a rural area in Poland
Authors
Dorota Kaleta
Kinga Polańska
Adam Rzeźnicki
Włodzimierz Stelmach
Piotr Wojtysiak
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Tobacco Induced Diseases / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1617-9625
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-016-0110-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Tobacco Induced Diseases 1/2017 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.