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Open Access 01-04-2018 | HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and N Utay, Section Editors)

The Role of Integrin α₄β₇ in HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment

Authors: James Arthos, Claudia Cicala, Fatima Nawaz, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Francois Villinger, Philip J. Santangelo, Aftab A. Ansari, Anthony S. Fauci

Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Issue 2/2018

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Acute HIV infection is characterized by high-level viral replication throughout the body’s lymphoid system, particularly in gut-associated lymphoid tissues resulting in damage to structural components of gut tissue. This damage is irreversible and believed to contribute to the development of immune deficiencies. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not restore gut structure and function. Studies in macaques point to an alternative treatment strategy that may ameliorate gut damage. Integrin α₄β₇ mediates the homing of lymphocytes to gut tissues. Vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) antagonist of α₄β₇, has demonstrated efficacy and has been approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Here, we describe our current knowledge, and the gaps in our understanding, of the role of α₄β₇ in HIV pathogenesis and treatment.

Recent Findings

When administered to macaques prior to infection, a nonhuman primate analogue of vedolizumab prevents transmission of SIV. In combination with ART, this mAb facilitates durable virologic control following treatment interruption.

Summary

Targeting α₄β₇ represents a novel therapeutic approach to prevent and treat HIV infection.

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Title: The Role of Integrin α4β7 in HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: James Arthos
Claudia Cicala
Fatima Nawaz
Siddappa N. Byrareddy
Francois Villinger
Philip J. Santangelo
Aftab A. Ansari
Anthony S. Fauci
Publication date: 01-04-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Issue 2/2018
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Electronic ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-018-0382-3

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