Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Current Gastroenterology Reports
Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports 5/2012

01-10-2012 | Large Intestine (B Cash, Section Editor)

The Chronic Gastrointestinal Consequences Associated With Campylobacter

Authors: Mark S. Riddle, Ramiro L. Gutierrez, Elena F. Verdu, Chad K. Porter

Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports | Issue 5/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of acute infectious diarrhea in the developing world, where it causes considerable mortality, and in developed countries, where it accounts for significant healthcare and other costs. Evidence has emerged from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological domains that suggests that Campylobacter infection is not limited to acute illness but is also involved in the development of well-described extraintestinal sequelae, such as the Guillain–Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic gastrointestinal conditions. This review will focus on the role of Campylobacter infection as a risk factor for the development of chronic gastrointestinal sequelae, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, with which irritable bowel syndrome has been most frequently associated, inflammatory bowel disease, and celiac disease.
Literature
1.
Samuel MC, Vugia DJ, Shallow S, Marcus R, Segler S, McGivern T, et al. Epidemiology of sporadic Campylobacter infection in the United States and declining trend in incidence. FoodNet 1996-1999. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38 Suppl 3:S165–74.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Wheeler JG, Sethi D, Cowden JM, Wall PG, Rodrigues LC, Tompkins DS, et al. Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice, and reported to national surveillance. The Infectious Intestinal Disease Study Executive. BMJ. 1999;318(7190):1046–50.PubMedCrossRef
3.
• Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States–major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(1):7–15. This study is methodologically advanced and describes the most recent estimates for foodborne illness in the United States.PubMed
4.
Coker AO, Isokpehi RD, Thomas BN, Amisu KO, Obi CL. Human campylobacteriosis in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8(3):237–44.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Neimann J, Engberg J, Molbak K, Wegener HC. A case-control study of risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections in Denmark. Epidemiol Infect. 2003;130(3):353–66.PubMed
6.
Danis K, Di Renzi M, O'Neill W, Smyth B, McKeown P, Foley B, et al. Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection: an all-Ireland case-control study. Euro Surveill. 2009 Feb 19;14(7).
7.
Friedman CR, Hoekstra RM, Samuel M, Marcus R, Bender J, Shiferaw B, et al. Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection in the United States: a case-control study in FoodNet sites. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38 Suppl 3:S285–96.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Gallay A, Bousquet V, Siret V, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Valk H, Vaillant V, et al. Risk factors for acquiring sporadic Campylobacter infection in France: results from a national case-control study. J Infect Dis. 2008;197(10):1477–84.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Unicomb LE, Dalton CB, Gilbert GL, Becker NG, Patel MS. Age-specific risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection in regional Australia. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2008;5(1):79–85.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with a contaminated municipal water supply, Walkerton, Ontario, May-June 2000. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2001 Oct 15;26(20):170-3
11.
Jakopanec I, Borgen K, Vold L, Lund H, Forseth T, Hannula R, et al. A large waterborne outbreak of campylobacteriosis in Norway: the need to focus on distribution system safety. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:128.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Heuvelink AE, van Heerwaarden C, Zwartkruis-Nahuis A, Tilburg JJ, Bos MH, Heilmann FG, et al. Two outbreaks of campylobacteriosis associated with the consumption of raw cows' milk. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009;134(1–2):70–4.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Beaudeau P, de Valk H, Vaillant V, Mannschott C, Tillier C, Mouly D, et al. Lessons learned from ten investigations of waterborne gastroenteritis outbreaks, France, 1998-2006. J Water Health. 2008;6(4):491–503.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Dale K, Kirk M, Sinclair M, Hall R, Leder K. Reported waterborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease in Australia are predominantly associated with recreational exposure. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2010;34(5):527–30.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Newell DG, Fearnley C. Sources of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69(8):4343–51.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Ailes E, Demma L, Hurd S, Hatch J, Jones TF, Vugia D, et al. Continued decline in the incidence of Campylobacter infections, FoodNet 1996-2006. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2008;5(3):329–37.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Thompson JS, Cahoon FE, Hodge DS. Rate of Campylobacter spp. isolation in three regions of Ontario, Canada, from 1978 to 1985. J Clin Microbiol. 1986;24(5):876–8.PubMed
18.
Nelson W, Harris B. Campylobacteriosis rates show age-related static bimodal and seasonality trends. N Z Med J. 2011;124(1337):33–9.PubMed
19.
Blaser MJ, Berkowitz ID, LaForce FM, Cravens J, Reller LB, Wang WL. Campylobacter enteritis: clinical and epidemiologic features. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91(2):179–85.PubMed
20.
Nemelka KW, Brown AW, Wallace SM, Jones E, Asher LV, Pattarini D, et al. Immune response to and histopathology of Campylobacter jejuni infection in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Comp Med. 2009;59(4):363–71.PubMed
21.
Law BF, Adriance SM, Joens LA. Comparison of in vitro virulence factors of Campylobacter jejuni to in vivo lesion production. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009;6(3):377–85.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Lippert E, Karrasch T, Sun X, Allard B, Herfarth HH, Threadgill D, et al. Gnotobiotic IL-10; NF-kappaB mice develop rapid and severe colitis following Campylobacter jejuni infection. PLoS One. 2009;4(10):e7413.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Wallis MR. The pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni. Br J Biomed Sci. 1994;51(1):57–64.PubMed
24.
Mortensen NP, Schiellerup P, Boisen N, Klein BM, Locht H, Abuoun M, et al. The role of Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin in gastroenteritis: toxin detection, antibody production, and clinical outcome. APMIS. 2011;119(9):626–34.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zilbauer M, Dorrell N, Wren BW, Bajaj-Elliott M. Campylobacter jejuni-mediated disease pathogenesis: an update. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102(2):123–9.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Dasti JI, Tareen AM, Lugert R, Zautner AE, Gross U. Campylobacter jejuni: a brief overview on pathogenicity-associated factors and disease-mediating mechanisms. Int J Med Microbiol. 2010;300(4):205–11.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Sun X, Threadgill D, Jobin C. Campylobacter jejuni induces colitis through activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(1):86–95 e5.PubMedCrossRef
28.
• Kalischuk LD, Leggett F, Inglis GD. Campylobacter jejuni induces transcytosis of commensal bacteria across the intestinal epithelium through M-like cells. Gut Pathog. 2010;2(14):doi:10.​1186/​757-4749-2-14. This is an elegantly designed study which demonstrates the mechanisms by which C. jejuni may induce trafficking of commensal microbiota and initiate immune dysfunction associated with chronic gastrointestinal sequelae.
29.
Spiller RC, Jenkins D, Thornley JP, Hebden JM, Wright T, Skinner M, et al. Increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, T lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute Campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2000;47(6):804–11.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Kalischuk LD, Buret AG. A role for Campylobacter jejuni-induced enteritis in inflammatory bowel disease? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;298(1):G1–9.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Halvorson HA, Schlett CD, Riddle MS. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome–a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(8):1894–9.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Thabane M, Kottachchi DT, Marshall JK. Systematic review and meta-analysis: the incidence and prognosis of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(4):535–44.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Spiller R, Garsed K. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(6):1979–88.PubMedCrossRef
34.
• Marshall JK, Thabane M, Garg AX, Clark WF, Moayyedi P, Collins SM. Eight year prognosis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome following waterborne bacterial dysentery. Gut. 2010;59(5):605–11. An important follow-up study to the initial description of the risk of irritable bowel syndrome following a waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter and STEC. This follow-up study demonstrates persistent changes in bowel habits providing important documentation on the chronicity of PI-IBS.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Thornley JP, Jenkins D, Neal K, Wright T, Brough J, Spiller RC. Relationship of Campylobacter toxigenicity in vitro to the development of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. J Infect Dis. 2001;184(5):606–9.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Dunlop SP, Jenkins D, Neal KR, Spiller RC. Relative importance of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia, anxiety, and depression in postinfectious IBS. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(6):1651–9.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Marshall JK, Thabane M, Garg AX, Clark WF, Salvadori M, Collins SM. Incidence and epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome after a large waterborne outbreak of bacterial dysentery. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(2):445–50.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Dunlop SP, Jenkins D, Spiller RC. Distinctive clinical, psychological, and histological features of postinfective irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(7):1578–83.PubMedCrossRef
39.
van der Veek PP, van den Berg M, de Kroon YE, Verspaget HW, Masclee AA. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(11):2510–6.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Gwee KA, Collins SM, Read NW, Rajnakova A, Deng Y, Graham JC, et al. Increased rectal mucosal expression of interleukin 1beta in recently acquired post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2003;52(4):523–6.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Valentini L, Eggers J, Ockenga J, Haas VK, Buhner S, Winklhofer-Roob BM, et al. Association between intestinal tight junction permeability and whole-body electrical resistance in healthy individuals: a hypothesis. Nutrition. 2009;25(6):706–14.PubMedCrossRef
42.
• Villani AC, Lemire M, Thabane M, Belisle A, Geneau G, Garg AX, et al. Genetic risk factors for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome following a waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(4):1502–13. This is the first descriptive study evaluating potential genetic determinants of PI-IBS and found that genes that encode proteins involved in epithelial cell barrier function and the innate immune response to enteric bacteria are associated with the development of IBS following acute gastroenteritis.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Pimentel M, Chatterjee S, Chang C, Low K, Song Y, Liu C, et al. A new rat model links two contemporary theories in irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(4):982–9.PubMedCrossRef
44.
• Jee SR, Morales W, Low K, Chang C, Zhu A, Pokkunuri V, et al. ICC density predicts bacterial overgrowth in a rat model of post-infectious IBS. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(29):3680–6. This study expands on the only currently available model that has been developed to evaluation the association between campylobacter infection and the triggering of chronic gastrointestinal conditions such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Mearin F, Perez-Oliveras M, Perello A, Vinyet J, Ibanez A, Coderch J, et al. Dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome after a Salmonella gastroenteritis outbreak: one-year follow-up cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(1):98–104.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Porter CK, Gormley R, Tribble DR, Cash BD, Riddle MS. The incidence and gastrointestinal infectious risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders in a healthy U.S. adult population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(1):130–8.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Parry SD, Stansfield R, Jelley D, Gregory W, Phillips E, Barton JR, et al. Is irritable bowel syndrome more common in patients presenting with bacterial gastroenteritis? A community-based, case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(2):327–31.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Ford AC, Thabane M, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Garg AX, Clark WF, et al. Prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia 8 years after a large waterborne outbreak of bacterial dysentery: a cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(5):1727–36.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Saps M, Pensabene L, Di Martino L, Staiano A, Wechsler J, Zheng X, et al. Post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. J Pediatr. 2008;152(6):812–6.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Porter CK, Choi D, Cash BD, Pimentel M, Murray JA, Riddle MS. Pathogen-specific risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease and celiac disease following acute enteric infection, 76th Annual American College of Gastroenterology Meeting (Poster 337). Washington, DC2011.
51.
Kindt S, Tertychnyy A, de Hertogh G, Geboes K, Tack J. Intestinal immune activation in presumed post-infectious functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2009;21(8):832-e56.PubMedCrossRef
52.
• Futagami S, Shimpuku M, Yin Y, Shindo T, Kodaka Y, Nagoya H, et al. Pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia. J Nihon Med Sch. 2011;78(5):280–5. An excellent review on functional dyspepsia, with a good review of the evidence surrounding post-infectious functional dyspepsia.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Tack J, Demedts I, Dehondt G. Clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of acute-onset functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2001;122:1738–47.CrossRef
54.
Futagami S, Shindo T, Kawagoe T, Horie A, Shimpuku M, Gudis K, et al. Migration of eosinophils and CCR2-/CD68-double positive cells into the duodenal mucosa of patients with postinfectious functional dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(8):1835–42.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Beltinger J, del Buono J, Skelly MM, Thornley J, Spiller RC, Stack WA, et al. Disruption of colonic barrier function and induction of mediator release by strains of Campylobacter jejuni that invade epithelial cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(48):7345–52.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Schumacher G. First attack of inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. A clinical, histological and microbiological study with special reference to early diagnosis. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1993;198:1–24.PubMed
57.
Navarro-Llavat M, Domenech E, Bernal I, Sanchez-Delgado J, Manterola JM, Garcia-Planella E, et al. Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study of intestinal infections among acutely active inflammatory bowel disease patients. Digestion. 2009;80(1):25–9.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Ternhag A, Torner A, Svensson A, Ekdahl K, Giesecke J. Short- and long-term effects of bacterial gastrointestinal infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(1):143–8.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Gradel KO, Nielsen HL, Schonheyder HC, Ejlertsen T, Kristensen B, Nielsen H. Increased short- and long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease after Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(2):495–501.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Garcia Rodriguez LA, Ruigomez A, Panes J. Acute gastroenteritis is followed by an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(6):1588–94.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Porter CK, Tribble DR, Aliaga PA, Halvorson HA, Riddle MS. Infectious gastroenteritis and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(3):781–6.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Lake RJ, Cressey PJ, Campbell DM, Oakley E. Risk ranking for foodborne microbial hazards in New Zealand: burden of disease estimates. Risk Anal. 2010;30(5):743–52.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Riddle MS, Porter CK. Detection bias and the association between inflammatory bowel disease and Salmonella and Campylobacter infection. Gut. 2012;61(4):635.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Sartor RB. Microbial influences in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(2):577–94.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Tam CC, Rodrigues LC, Viviani L, Dodds JP, Evans MR, Hunter PR, et al. Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice. Gut. 2012;61(1):69–77.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Verdu EF, Huang X, Natividad J, Lu J, Blennerhassett PA, David CS, et al. Gliadin-dependent neuromuscular and epithelial secretory responses in gluten-sensitive HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;294(1):G217–25.PubMedCrossRef
67.
• Bashashati M, Rezaei N, Andrews CN, Chen CQ, Daryani NE, Sharkey KA, et al. Cytokines and irritable bowel syndrome: where do we stand? Cytokine. 2012;57(2):201–9. An excellent and comprehensive review of the recent literature on cytokine profiles, cytokine gene polymorphisms in patients with IBS, and the role of cytokines in animal models of IBS.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Torres J, Perez-Perez G, Goodman KJ, Atherton JC, Gold BD, Harris PR, et al. A comprehensive review of the natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Arch Med Res. 2000;31(5):431–69.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Kalischuk LD, Buret AG. A role for Campylobacter jejuni-induced enteritis in inflammatory bowel disease? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Oct 29.
70.
Shen L, Turner JR. Role of epithelial cells in initiation and propagation of intestinal inflammation. Eliminating the static: tight junction dynamics exposed. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006;290:G577–82.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Kalischuk LD, Inglis GD, Buret AG. Campylobacter jejuni induces transcellular translocation of commensal bacteria via lipid rafts. Gut Pathog. 2009;1(1):2.PubMedCrossRef
72.
73.
Green P, Jabri B. Coeliac disease. Lancet. 2003;362(383-91).
74.
Landzberg BR, Connor BA. Persistent diarrhea in the returning traveler: think beyond persistent infection. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40(1):112–4.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Mendelson RM, Wright SG, Tomkins AM. Coeliac disease presenting as malabsorption from the tropics. Gut. 1978;19:992.
76.
Verdu EF, Mauro M, Bourgeois J, Armstrong D. Clinical onset of celiac disease after an episode of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2007;21(7):453–5.PubMed
77.
78.
van Sommeren S, Visschedijk MC, Festen EA, de Jong DJ, Ponsioen CY, Wijmenga C, et al. HNF4alpha and CDH1 are associated with ulcerative colitis in a Dutch cohort. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(8):1714–8.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Troncone R, Bhatnagar S, Butzner D, Cameron D, Hill I, Hoffenberg E, European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Coeliac disease and other immunologically mediated disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: Working Group report of the second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39 Suppl 2:S601–10.PubMedCrossRef
80.
• Batz MB, Hoffman S, Morris JG. Ranking the risks: the 10 pathogen-food combinations with the greatest burden on public health. University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute. 2011. While not a peer-reviewed research paper, this is very accessible and thorough publication which expands upon the Scallan et al (2011) CDC estimates of food borne illness. It uses thoroughly described methods to estimate health impacts in monetary cost of illness and loss of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY s) for the major foodborne illness pathogens.
81.
Tosh PK, McDonald LC. Infection control in the multidrug-resistant era: tending the human microbiome. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(5):707–13.PubMedCrossRef
82.
FAO/WHO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization]. 2009. Risk assessment of Campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens: Interpretative Summary. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series No 11. Geneva, pp. 35.
83.
Jess T, Simonsen J, Nielsen NM, Jorgensen KT, Bager P, Ethelberg S, et al. Enteric Salmonella or Campylobacter infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2011;60(3):318–24.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Parry SD, Stansfield R, Jelley D, Gregory W, Phillips E, Barton JR, et al. Does bacterial gastroenteritis predispose people to functional gastrointestinal disorders? A prospective, community-based, case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(9):1970–5.PubMed
85.
Thabane M, Simunovic M, Akhtar-Danesh N, Garg AX, Clark WF, Collins SM, et al. An outbreak of acute bacterial gastroenteritis is associated with an increased incidence of irritable bowel syndrome in children. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4):933–9.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Moss-Morris R, Spence M. To “lump” or to “split” the functional somatic syndromes: can infectious and emotional risk factors differentiate between the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome? Psychosom Med. 2006;68:463–9.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Gwee KA, Leong YL, Graham C. The role of psychological and biological factors in postinfective gut dysfunction. Gut. 1999;44:400–6.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Locke 3rd GR, Yawn BP, Wollan PC, Melton 3rd LJ, Lydick E, Talley NJ. Incidence of a clinical diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome in a United States population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19(9):1025–31.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Ladabaum U. Safety, efficacy and costs of pharmacotherapy for functional gastrointestinal disorders: the case of alosetron and its implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;17(8):1021–30.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Thabane M, Simunovic M, Akhtar-Danesh N, Garg AX, Clark WF, Collins SM, et al. An outbreak of acute bacterial gastroenteritis is associated with an increased incidence of irritable bowel syndrome in children. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4):933–9.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Collins MT. Population-based case control study of seroprevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(3):1129–35.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Loftus Jr EV, Johnson SJ, Wang ST, Wu E, Mulani PM, Chao J. Risk-benefit analysis of adalimumab versus traditional non-biologic therapies for patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(1):127–40.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Prenzler A, Yen L, Mittendorf T, von der Schulenburg JM. Cost effectiveness of ulcerative colitis treatment in Germany: a comparison of two oral formulations of mesalazine. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:157.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Clark W, Raferty J, Song F, Barton P, Cummings C, Fry-Smith A. Systematic review and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of infliximab for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7(3).
95.
Marshall J, Blackhouse G, Goeree R, Brazier N, Irvine E, Faulkner L. Infliximab for the treatment of Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and cost–utility analysis. Technology report No 24. Ottawa: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment. 2002.
96.
Arseneau KO, Cohn SM, Cominelli F, Connors AFJ. Cost-utility of initial medical management for Crohn’s disease perianal fistulae. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1640–56.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Mein SM, Ladabaum U. Serological testing for coeliac disease in patients with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19(11):1199–210.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Norstrom F, Lindholm L, Sandstrom O, Nordyke K, Ivarsson A. Delay to celiac disease diagnosis and its implications for health-related quality of life. BMC Gastroenterol. 2011;11:118.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Wallander MA, Johansson S, Ruigomez A, GarciaRodriguez LA, Jones R. Dyspepsia in general practice: incidence, risk factors, comorbidity and mortality. Fam Pract. 2007;24(5):403–11.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Groeneveld PW, Lieu TA, Fendrick AM. Quality of life measurement clarifies the cost-effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease and uninvestigated dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:338–47.PubMed
Metadata
Title
The Chronic Gastrointestinal Consequences Associated With Campylobacter
Authors
Mark S. Riddle
Ramiro L. Gutierrez
Elena F. Verdu
Chad K. Porter
Publication date
01-10-2012
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Gastroenterology Reports / Issue 5/2012
Print ISSN: 1522-8037
Electronic ISSN: 1534-312X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-012-0278-0

Other articles of this Issue 5/2012

Current Gastroenterology Reports 5/2012 Go to the issue

Large Intestine (B Cash, Section Editor)

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease of the Ileal Pouch

Small Intestine (J Sellin, Section Editor)

Autoimmune Enteropathy: A Review and Update of Clinical Management

Small Intestine (J Sellin, Section Editor)

Clinical Implications of Enteroadherent Escherichia coli

Small Intestine (B Cash, Section Editor)

Advanced Colorectal Polyp Detection Techniques

Large Intestine (B Cash, Section Editor)

Familial Colon Cancer Syndromes: an Update of a Rapidly Evolving Field

Small Intestine (J Sellin, Section Editor)

Novel Treatments for NEC: Keeping IBD in Mind
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits