Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 9/2007

01-11-2007 | Original Paper

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia

Authors: Douglas E. Morse, Walter J. Psoter, Deborah Cleveland, Donald Cohen, Mireseyed Mohit-Tabatabai, Diane L. Kosis, Ellen Eisenberg

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 9/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

Risks associated with smoking and drinking are not necessarily constant over the multistage pathway to oral cancer. We investigated whether smoking and drinking patterns differ for persons with oral cancer (OC) relative to those with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), a precancerous condition.

Methods

Incident cases of OC and OED were interviewed using a questionnaire containing questions on smoking and drinking. Odds ratios (ORs) compared the odds of smoking and drinking among persons with OC relative to OED.

Results

No adjusted ORs for smoking achieved statistical significance; however, most were <1.0. The odds of OC relative to OED increased with drinking level; the adjusted OR for 19+ drinks/week was 3.03 (1.56–5.87). Age drinking began and years of drinking were not notably different for OC and OED cases; a higher proportion of OC cases reported discontinuing alcohol for 9+ years before diagnosis.

Conclusions

The relationship between smoking and OED was at least as strong as that for smoking and OC, suggesting that smoking may have its greatest impact on oral carcinogenesis prior to malignant transformation. Drinking was more strongly associated with OC than OED, particularly at elevated consumption levels; the role of alcohol does not appear limited to a late-stage effect.
Literature
1.
Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2005) Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 55:74–108PubMedCrossRef
2.
Mayne ST, Morse DE, Winn DM (2006) Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr (eds) Cancer epidemiology and prevention. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 674–696
3.
Melrose RJ (2001) Premalignant oral mucosal diseases. J Calif Dent Assoc 29:593–600PubMed
4.
Pindborg JJ, Reichart PA, Smith CJ, van der Waal I (1997) in collaboration with Sobin LH (eds) Histological typing of cancer and precancer of the oral mucosa. Springer, New York
5.
Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada F (1984) Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation. A follow-up study of 257 patients. Cancer 53:563–568PubMedCrossRef
6.
Castellsague X, Quintana MJ, Martinez MC et al (2004) The role of type of tobacco and type of alcoholic beverage in oral carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 108:741–749PubMedCrossRef
7.
Franceschi S, Talamini R, Barra S et al (1990) Smoking and drinking in relation to cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus in northern Italy. Cancer Res 50:6502–6507PubMed
8.
Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Winn DM et al (1988) Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 48:3282–3287PubMed
9.
Morse DE, Katz RV, Pendrys DG et al (1996) Smoking and drinking in relation to oral epithelial dysplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 5:769–777PubMed
10.
Banoczy J, Gintner Z, Dombi C (2001) Tobacco use and oral leukoplakia. J Dent Educ 65:322–327PubMed
11.
Hashibe M, Sankaranarayanan R, Thomas G et al (2000) Alcohol drinking, body mass index and the risk of oral leukoplakia in an Indian population. Int J Cancer 88:129–134PubMedCrossRef
12.
Evstifeeva TV, Zaridze DG (1992) Nass use, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of oral and oesophageal precancer. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 28B:29–35PubMedCrossRef
13.
Lee CH, Ko YC, Huang HL et al (2003) The precancer risk of betel quid chewing, tobacco use and alcohol consumption in oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis in southern Taiwan. Br J Cancer 88:366–372PubMedCrossRef
14.
Loftus ER, Baric JM, Kapur KK, Chauncey HH (1981) Cigarette smoking and oral leukoplakia in healthy males. Spec Care Dentist 1:206–210PubMed
15.
Dietrich T, Reichart PA, Scheifele C (2004) Clinical risk factors of oral leukoplakia in a representative sample of the US population. Oral Oncol 40:158–163PubMedCrossRef
16.
Schepman KP, van der Meij EH, Smeele LE, van der Waal I (1998) Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a follow-up study of a hospital-based population of 166 patients with oral leukoplakia from The Netherlands. Oral Oncol 34:270–275PubMed
17.
Roed-Petersen B (1971) Cancer development in oral leukoplakia. Follow-up of 331 patients. J Dent Res 50:711
18.
Einhorn J, Wersall J (1967) Incidence or oral carcinoma in patients with leukoplakia of the oral mucosa. Cancer 20:2189–2193PubMedCrossRef
19.
Macigo FG, Mwaniki DL, Guthua SW (1995) The association between oral leukoplakia and use of tobacco, alcohol and khat based on relative risks assessment in Kenya. Eur J Oral Sci 103:268–273PubMed
20.
Gupta PC (1984) Epidemiologic study of the association between alcohol habits and oral leukoplakia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 12:47–50PubMedCrossRef
21.
Shiu MN, Chen TH (2004) Impact of betel quid, tobacco and alcohol on three-stage disease natural history of oral leukoplakia and cancer: implication for prevention of oral cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 13:39–45PubMedCrossRef
22.
Fritz A, Percy C, Jack A et al (2000) International classification of diseases for oncology, 3rd edn. WHO, Geneva, pp 45–46
23.
Graham S, Dayal H, Rohrer T et al (1977) Dentition, diet, tobacco, and alcohol in the epidemiology of oral cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 59:1611–1618PubMed
24.
Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (2000) Applied logistic regression, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
25.
Lumerman H, Freedman P, Kerpel S (1995) Oral epithelial dysplasia and the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 79:321–329PubMedCrossRef
26.
Chen YK, Hsue SS, Lin LM (2004) p73 Expression for human buccal epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma: does it correlate with nodal status of carcinoma and is there a relationship with malignant change of epithelial dysplasia? Head Neck 26:945–952PubMedCrossRef
27.
Soni S, Kaur J, Kumar A et al (2005) Alterations of rb pathway components are frequent events in patients with oral epithelial dysplasia and predict clinical outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology 68:314–325PubMedCrossRef
28.
Lo Muzio L, Pannone G, Leonardi R et al (2003) Survivin, a potential early predictor of tumor progression in the oral mucosa. J Dent Res 82:923–928PubMed
29.
Mao L, Lee JS, Fan YH et al (1996) Frequent microsatellite alterations at chromosomes 9p21 and 3p14 in oral premalignant lesions and their value in cancer risk assessment. Nat Med 2:682–685PubMedCrossRef
30.
Rosin MP, Cheng X, Poh C et al (2000) Use of allelic loss to predict malignant risk for low-grade oral epithelial dysplasia. Clin Cancer Res 6:357–362PubMed
31.
Hayes RB, Bravo-Otero E, Kleinman DV et al (1999) Tobacco and alcohol use and oral cancer in Puerto Rico. Cancer Causes Control 10:27–33PubMedCrossRef
32.
Maserejian NN, Joshipura KJ, Rosner BA, Giovannucci E, Zavras AI (2006) Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of oral premalignant lesions in men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:774–781PubMedCrossRef
33.
34.
Kabat GC, Chang CJ, Wynder EL (1994) The role of tobacco, alcohol use, and body mass index in oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Epidemiol 23:1137–1144PubMedCrossRef
35.
Mashberg A, Garfinkel L, Harris S (1981) Alcohol as a primary risk factor in oral squamous carcinoma. CA Cancer J Clin 31:146–155PubMedCrossRef
36.
Wight AJ, Ogden GR (1998) Possible mechanisms by which alcohol may influence the development of oral cancer—a review. Oral Oncol 34:441–447PubMedCrossRef
37.
Howie NM, Trigkas TK, Cruchley AT, Wertz PW, Squier CA, Williams DM (2001) Short-term exposure to alcohol increases the permeability of human oral mucosa. Oral Dis 7:349–354PubMedCrossRef
38.
39.
Blot WJ (1999) Invited commentary: more evidence of increased risks of cancer among alcohol drinkers. Am J Epidemiol 150:1138–1140PubMed
40.
Altieri A, Bosetti C, Gallus S et al (2004) Wine, beer and spirits and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer: a case–control study from Italy and Switzerland. Oral Oncol 40:904–909PubMedCrossRef
41.
Dal Maso L, La Vecchia C, Polesel J et al (2002) Alcohol drinking outside meals and cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract. Int J Cancer 102:435–437PubMedCrossRef
42.
Schlecht NF, Franco EL, Pintos J et al (1999) Interaction between tobacco and alcohol consumption and the risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract in Brazil. Am J Epidemiol 150:1129–1137PubMed
43.
McCann SE, Sempos C, Freudenheim JL et al (2003) Alcoholic beverage preference and characteristics of drinkers and nondrinkers in western New York (United States). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 13:2–11PubMedCrossRef
44.
Barefoot JC, Gronbaek M, Feaganes JR, McPherson RS, Williams RB, Siegler IC (2002) Alcoholic beverage preference, diet, and health habits in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 76:466–472PubMed
45.
Merletti F, Boffetta P, Ciccone G, Mashberg A, Terracini B (1989) Role of tobacco and alcoholic beverages in the etiology of cancer of the oral cavity/oropharynx in Torino, Italy. Cancer Res 49:4919–4924PubMed
46.
Franceschi S, Levi F, Dal Maso L et al (2000) Cessation of alcohol drinking and risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. Int J Cancer 85:787–790PubMedCrossRef
47.
Day NE, Brown CC (1980) Multistage models and primary prevention of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 64:977–989PubMed
48.
Holmes JD, Dierks EJ, Homer LD, Potter BE (2003) Is detection of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancer by a dental health care provider associated with a lower stage at diagnosis? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:285–291PubMedCrossRef
49.
Cowan CG, Gregg TA, Napier SS, McKenna SM, Kee F (2001) Potentially malignant oral lesions in northern Ireland: a 20-year population-based perspective of malignant transformation. Oral Dis 7:18–24PubMed
Metadata
Title
Smoking and drinking in relation to oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors
Douglas E. Morse
Walter J. Psoter
Deborah Cleveland
Donald Cohen
Mireseyed Mohit-Tabatabai
Diane L. Kosis
Ellen Eisenberg
Publication date
01-11-2007
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 9/2007
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9026-4

Other articles of this Issue 9/2007

Cancer Causes & Control 9/2007 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Sun exposure concern, sun protection behaviors and physical activity among Australian adults

Original Paper

Consumption of animal foods and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Original Paper

Protection of mammography screening against death from breast cancer in women aged 40–64 years

Original Paper

Sun exposure, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Original Paper

Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas

Original Paper

Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet, and endometrial cancer risk
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits