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01-06-2021 | Sleep Apnea | Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article

Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and associated risk factors in primary school children in urban and rural environments

Authors: Yasemin Gokdemir, Ersoy Civelek, Banu Cakir, Ahmet Demir, Can Naci Kocabas, Nilay Bas Ikizoglu, Fazilet Karakoc, Bulent Karadag, Refika Ersu

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 2/2021

Abstract

Introduction

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in primary school children is a significant problem, yet its prevalence is not well known outside large urban settings. Information on the burden and risk factors of SDB in children could be used to improve resource allocation when providing care across a large country. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of SDB among school-aged children comparing rural and urban settings, and to investigate associated risk factors.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of primary school students in Turkey were selected from urban and rural areas and data were collected using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, asthma, and allergic rhinitis questionnaires completed by the parents.

Results

Questionnaires were collected from a total of 139 schools from 58 provinces. A total of 11,013 students were contacted, and 9045 (73%) completed the study. There was no difference in the prevalence of SDB between rural and urban settings (16% vs. 15%, p = 0.612). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that current wheezing, current rhinoconjunctivitis, being overweight, parental snoring, and current mold at home were significant risk factors for SDB in both rural and urban children. Current tobacco smoke exposure (OR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.19–1.85), near roadway air pollution exposure (OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.108–1.791), and mold at home in the first year of life (OR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.26–2.23) were associated with SDB in urban children. History of maternal/paternal adenotonsillectomy was a significant predictor of SDB in the rural setting (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.12–2.39).

Conclusion

The prevalence of SDB is high in children living in both settings but associated risk factors may vary. Children residing in rural areas should also be screened for sleep-disordered breathing during routine health visits.

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Title: Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and associated risk factors in primary school children in urban and rural environments
Authors: Yasemin Gokdemir
Ersoy Civelek
Banu Cakir
Ahmet Demir
Can Naci Kocabas
Nilay Bas Ikizoglu
Fazilet Karakoc
Bulent Karadag
Refika Ersu
Publication date: 01-06-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Sleep Apnea
Tonsillectomy
Bronchial Asthma
Smoking and Nicotine Detoxification
Snoring
Published in: Sleep and Breathing / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02206-x

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