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Archives of Virology
Published in: Archives of Virology 3/2021

01-03-2021 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus | Review

A comparative study of human betacoronavirus spike proteins: structure, function and therapeutics

Authors: Jyoti Verma, Naidu Subbarao

Published in: Archives of Virology | Issue 3/2021

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Abstract

Coronaviruses are the paradigm of emerging 21st century zoonotic viruses, triggering numerous outbreaks and a severe global health crisis. The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 51 million people across the globe as of 12 November 2020. The crown-like spikes on the surface of the virion are the unique structural feature of viruses in the family Coronaviridae. The spike (S) protein adopts distinct conformations while mediating entry of the virus into the host. This multifunctional protein mediates the entry process by recognizing its receptor on the host cell, followed by the fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane. This review article focuses on the structural and functional comparison of S proteins of the human betacoronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we review the current state of knowledge about receptor recognition, the membrane fusion mechanism, structural epitopes, and glycosylation sites of the S proteins of these viruses. We further discuss various vaccines and other therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, and small molecules based on the S protein of these three viruses.
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Metadata
Title
A comparative study of human betacoronavirus spike proteins: structure, function and therapeutics
Authors
Jyoti Verma
Naidu Subbarao
Publication date
01-03-2021
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Published in
Archives of Virology / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Electronic ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-04961-y

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