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Published in: Sleep and Breathing 4/2022

14-01-2022 | Schizophrenia | Psychiatrics • Original Article

Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea as assessed by polysomnography in psychiatric patients with sleep-related problems

Authors: Ippei Okada, Seiko Miyata, Kunihiro Iwamoto, Hiroshige Fujishiro, Akiko Noda, Norio Ozaki

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 4/2022

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Abstract

Purpose

Patients with psychiatric disorders often complain of sleep disturbances and are frequently suspected of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, data regarding sleep problems evaluated by attended polysomnography (PSG) remain limited in this population. We analyzed the results of attended PSG from psychiatric patients with sleep-related problems to determine the prevalence and features of sleep disorders among this population.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the attended PSG results of patients with psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder, schizophrenia, neurocognitive disorder, anxiety disorder, somatic symptom disorder.

Results

Of 264 patients, 158 men (60%), mean age was 47 ± 19.9 years. More than half of the patients with major depressive disorder (62%), bipolar disorder (70%), schizophrenia (58%), neurocognitive disorders (55%), and somatic symptom disorder (56%) had OSA. Among the psychiatric patients with OSA, 62% of these patients had moderate to severe OSA. The risk factors for OSA were snoring, male, age, and body mass index. The presence of OSA was not associated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, or benzodiazepine, antipsychotic, or antidepressant use. Other sleep disorders were insomnia (19%), central disorders of hypersomnia (8%), restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement of sleep (8%), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (7%), and central sleep apnea syndrome (3%).

Conclusions

PSG revealed that moderate to severe OSA was common in psychiatric patients with or without snoring. Subjective symptoms and psychotropics did not predict OSA. Therefore, PSG is needed to reveal sleep conditions in patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Metadata
Title
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea as assessed by polysomnography in psychiatric patients with sleep-related problems
Authors
Ippei Okada
Seiko Miyata
Kunihiro Iwamoto
Hiroshige Fujishiro
Akiko Noda
Norio Ozaki
Publication date
14-01-2022
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Sleep and Breathing / Issue 4/2022
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-022-02566-6

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