Top

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Research article

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Protocatechuic aldehyde from Salvia miltiorrhiza exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway

Authors: Shuang Wu, Qingyu Wang, Jinquan Wang, Baoyu Duan, Qihe Tang, Zhuojian Sun, Jinlong Han, Chenggang Shan, Zhifen Wang, Zhihui Hao

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Background

The aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which was considered to be the waste part and discarded during the root harvest, is rich in protocatechuic aldehyde (PAI). This study investigated the health-promoting effects of extracts and PAI from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, including its anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of action in vitro and in vivo.

Method

Purification of the sample paste of Salvia miltiorrhiza was accomplished using HPLC analysis. TheMTT (Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay was employed to determine the cell viability. The production of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA assays. The histopathological analysis was used to analyse the lungs and livers of mice treated with PAI. Western blot was performed to reveal the mechanism of PAI in anti-inflammatory.

Results

The extracts and PAI from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibited TNF-α, IL-6 production and promoted the production of IL-10 in vivo in mice and in vitro in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7. NF-κB and MAPKs kinase phosphorylation were also suppressed by PAI in vivo and in vitro, indicating that PAI exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract may serve as potential protective agents for inflammatory.

Available only for authorised users

Kamatou GP, Makunga NP, Ramogola WP, Viljoen AM. South African salvia species: a review of biological activities and phytochemistry. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;119(3):664–72.CrossRefPubMed

Nagase T, Uozumi N, Ishii S, Kume K, Izumi T, Ouchi Y, et al. Acute lung injury by sepsis and acid aspiration: a key role for cytosolic phospholipase A2. Nat Immunol. 2000;1(1):42–6.CrossRefPubMed

Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Osuchowski MF, Valentine C, Kurosawa S, Remick DG. The pathogenesis of sepsis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:19–48.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Riedemann NC, Guo RF, Ward PA. The enigma of sepsis. J Clin Invest. 2003;112(4):460–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Salvia-miltiorrhiza. A first report of acquired haemophilia-A: case report. Reactions Weekly. 2017; 1654(1): 308.

Lin TH, Hsieh CL. Pharmacological effects of salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) on cerebral infarction. Chin Med. 2010;5:22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tong YF, Liu Y, Hu ZX, Li ZC. Protocatechuic aldehyde inhibits TNF-α-induced fibronectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase dependent pathway. Exp Ther Med. 2016;11(1):277–82.CrossRefPubMed

Cheng Y, Ping J, Liu C, Tan YZ, Chen GF. Study on effects of extracts from salvia Miltiorrhiza and curcuma longa in inhibiting phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase expression in rat's hepatic stellate cells. Chin J Integr Med. 2006;12(3):207–11.CrossRefPubMed

Liang W, Chen W, Wu L, Li S, Qi Q, Cui Y, et al. Quality evaluation and chemical markers screening of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) based on HPLC fingerprints and HPLC-MSn coupled with Chemometrics. Molecules. 2017;22(3):E478.CrossRef

10.

Zeng H, Su S, Xiang X, Sha X, Zhu Z, Wang Y, et al. Comparative analysis of the major chemical constituents in salvia miltiorrhiza roots, stems, leaves and flowers during different growth periods by UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and HPLC-ELSD methods. Molecules. 2017;22(5):E771.CrossRef

11.

Zhang J, An SJ, Fu JQ, Liu P, Shao TM, Li M, et al. Mixed aqueous extract of salvia Miltiorrhiza reduces blood pressure through inhibition of vascular Remodelling and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;40(1–2):347–60.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Zhang Y, Li X, Wang Z. Antioxidant activities of leaf extract of salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and related phenolic constituents. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(10):2656–62.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Fang X, Liu Y, Lu J, Hong H, Yuan J, Zhang Y, et al. Protocatechuic aldehyde protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol. 2018;391(12):1373–85.CrossRef

14.

Byun JW, Hwang S, Kang CW, Kim JH, Chae MK, Yoon JS, et al. Therapeutic effect of Protocatechuic aldehyde in an in vitro model of graves’ Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(10):4055–62.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Tong YF, Liu Y, Hu ZX, Li ZC. A a. Protocatechuic aldehyde inhibits TNF-α-induced fibronectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase dependent pathway. Exp Ther Med. 2016;11(1):277–82.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Zhang L, Ji Y, Kang Z, Lv C, Jiang W. Protocatechuic aldehyde ameliorates experimental pulmonary fibrosis by modulating HMGB1/RAGE pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2015;283(1):50–6.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Sun Z, Li Q, Hou R, Sun H, Tang Q, Wang H, et al. Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside inhibits inflammatory responses via MAPK and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019;364:22–8.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Kim TH, Yoon SJ, Lee SM. Genipin attenuates sepsis by inhibiting toll-like receptor signaling. Mol Med. 2012;18(3):455–65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Chen X, Wan Y, Zhou T, Li J, Wei Y. Ursolic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model. Immunotherapy. 2013;5(1):39–47.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Li Q, Feng Y, He W, Wang L, Wang R, Dong L, et al. Post-screening characterisation and in vivo evaluation of an anti-inflammatory polysaccharide fraction from Eucommia ulmoides. Carbohydr Polym. 2017;169:304–14.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Qu S, Dai C, Zhu J, Zhao L, Li Y, Hao Z. Cefquinome-loaded microsphere formulations against Klebsiella pneumonia infection during experimental infections. Drug Deliv. 2018;25(1):909–15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Han C, Yang J, Song P, Wang X, Shi W. Effects of salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory factor release in RAW264.7 cells. J Interf Cytokine Res. 2018;38(1):29–37.CrossRef

23.

Sun H, Zhang J, Chen F, Chen X, Zhou Z, Wang H. Activation of RAW264.7 macrophages by the polysaccharide from the roots of Actinidia eriantha and its molecular mechanisms. Carbohydr Polym. 2015;121:388–402.CrossRefPubMed

Title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Protocatechuic aldehyde from Salvia miltiorrhiza exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Shuang Wu
Qingyu Wang
Jinquan Wang
Baoyu Duan
Qihe Tang
Zhuojian Sun
Jinlong Han
Chenggang Shan
Zhifen Wang
Zhihui Hao
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03090-4

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Protocatechuic aldehyde from Salvia miltiorrhiza exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Quality of life in cancer patients treated with mistletoe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The quality of Cochrane systematic reviews of acupuncture: an overview

Anti-trichomonad activities of different compounds from foods, marine products, and medicinal plants: a review

Comparison of oral Nano-Curcumin with oral prednisolone on oral lichen planus: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial

The effect of tai chi and Qigong exercise on depression and anxiety of individuals with substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with type 2 diabetes living in the United Arab Emirates