Top

Open Access 21-04-2024 | Prostate Cancer | Review

Protein intake and cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society

Authors: Tilman Kühn, Nicole Kalotai, Anna M. Amini, Julia Haardt, Andreas Lehmann, Annemarie Schmidt, Anette E. Buyken, Sarah Egert, Sabine Ellinger, Anja Kroke, Stefan Lorkowski, Sandrine Louis, Matthias B. Schulze, Lukas Schwingshackl, Roswitha Siener, Gabriele I. Stangl, Bernhard Watzl, Armin Zittermann, Katharina Nimptsch, on behalf of the German Nutrition Society

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition

Abstract

Purpose

It has been proposed that a higher habitual protein intake may increase cancer risk, possibly via upregulated insulin-like growth factor signalling. Since a systematic evaluation of human studies on protein intake and cancer risk based on a standardised assessment of systematic reviews (SRs) is lacking, we carried out an umbrella review of SRs on protein intake in relation to risks of different types of cancer.

Methods

Following a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018082395), we retrieved SRs on protein intake and cancer risk published before January 22th 2024, and assessed the methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of the evidence using a modified version of AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was rated according to predefined criteria.

Results

Ten SRs were identified, of which eight included meta-analyses. Higher total protein intake was not associated with risks of breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer incidence. The methodological quality of the included SRs ranged from critically low (kidney cancer), low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) and moderate (breast and prostate cancer) to high (colorectal cancer). The outcome-specific certainty of the evidence underlying the reported findings on protein intake and cancer risk ranged from very low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) to low (colorectal, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer). Animal and plant protein intakes were not associated with cancer risks either at a low (breast and prostate cancer) or very low (pancreatic and prostate cancer) outcome-specific certainty of the evidence. Overall, the evidence for the lack of an association between protein intake and (i) colorectal cancer risk and (ii) breast cancer risk was rated as possible. By contrast, the evidence underlying the other reported results was rated as insufficient.

Conclusion

The present findings suggest that higher total protein intake may not be associated with the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, while conclusions on protein intake in relation to risks of other types of cancer are restricted due to insufficient evidence.

Available only for authorised users

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I et al (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68:394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492CrossRefPubMed

WHO (World Health Organization) Cancer. Key Facts. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Accessed 31 Dec 2020

American Cancer Society (2020) The Cancer Atlas. Survivorship. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.112086CrossRef

GBD (2019) Cancer Risk Factors Collaborators (2022) The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 400:563–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6CrossRef

Brown KF, Rumgay H, Dunlop C et al (2018) The fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom in 2015. Br J Cancer 118:1130–1141. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-018-0029-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Islami F, Goding Sauer A, Miller KD et al (2018) Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States. CA Cancer J Clin 68:31–54. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21440CrossRefPubMed

Mons U, Gredner T, Behrens G et al (2018) Cancers due to smoking and high alcohol consumption. Dtsch Arztebl Int 115:571–577. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2018.0571CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Behrens G, Gredner T, Stock C et al (2018) Cancers due to excess weight, low physical activity, and unhealthy diet. Dtsch Arztebl Int 115:578–585. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2018.0578CrossRefPubMed

Cascella M, Bimonte S, Barbieri A et al (2018) Dissecting the mechanisms and molecules underlying the potential carcinogenicity of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer (CRC): an overview on the current state of knowledge. Infect Agent Cancer 13:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-018-0174-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Levine ME, Suarez JA, Brandhorst S et al (2014) Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population. Cell Metab 19:407–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.006CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Klement RJ, Fink MK (2016) Dietary and pharmacological modification of the insulin/IGF-1 system: exploiting the full repertoire against cancer. Oncogenesis 5:e193. https://doi.org/10.1038/oncsis.2016.2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Yin J, Ren W, Huang X et al (2018) Protein restriction and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1869:256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.03.004CrossRefPubMed

13.

Shin S, Fu J, Shin W-K et al (2023) Association of food groups and dietary pattern with breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 42:282–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.01.003CrossRefPubMed

14.

Alzahrani MA, Shakil Ahmad M, Alkhamees M et al (2022) Dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Complement Ther Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102851CrossRefPubMed

15.

Fan Y, Wang M, Li Z et al (2022) Intake of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein and risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Front Nutr. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.847421CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Zhang T, Wu S, Xu F et al (2022) The association between dietary protein intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer: evidence from 14 publications. Nutr Cancer 74:3172–3178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2022.2059529CrossRefPubMed

17.

Ubago-Guisado E, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Ching-López A et al (2021) Evidence update on the relationship between diet and the most common cancers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: a systematic review. Nutrients 13:3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103582CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Razis AFA (2021) Association between dietary intake and risk of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 60:1707–1736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02332-yCrossRefPubMed

19.

Mao Y, Tie Y, Du J (2018) Association between dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 16:152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-018-1452-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Pang Y, Wang W (2018) Dietary protein intake and risk of ovarian cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis of observational studies. Biosci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20181857

21.

Lai R, Bian Z, Lin H et al (2017) The association between dietary protein intake and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 15:169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-017-1241-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Pedersen AN, Kondrup J, Børsheim E (2013) Health effects of protein intake in healthy adults: a systematic literature review. Food Nutr Res 57:21245. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v57i0.21245CrossRef

23.

Kroke A, Schmidt A, Amini AM et al (2022) Dietary protein intake and health-related outcomes: a methodological protocol for the evidence evaluation and the outline of an evidence to decision framework underlying the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr 61:2091–2101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02789-5CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G et al (2017) AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4008CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Schwingshackl L, Knüppel S, Schwedhelm C et al (2016) Perspective: NutriGrade: A scoring system to assess and judge the meta-evidence of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in nutrition research. Adv Nutr 7:994–1004. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.013052CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Alonso-Coello P, Schünemann HJ, Moberg J et al. (2016) GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 1: Introduction. BMJ 353:i2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2016

27.

Gathirua-Mwangi WG, Zhang J (2014) Dietary factors and risk for advanced prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 23:96–109. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0b013e3283647394CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

WCRF (World Cancer Research Fund), AICR (American Institute for Cancer Research) (2015) The associations between diet, nutrition and physical activity and the risk of kidney cancer. Continuous update project. https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/kidney-cancer-slr.pdf. Accessed 07 Dec 2022

29.

Wu SH, Liu Z (2013) Soy food consumption and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis using a common measure across studies. Nutr Cancer 65:625–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.795983CrossRefPubMed

30.

Veettil SK, Wong TY, Loo YS et al (2021) Role of diet in colorectal cancer incidence: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. JAMA Netw Open. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37341CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Sun H, Gong T-T, Xia Y et al (2021) Diet and ovarian cancer risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies. Clin Nutr 40:1682–1690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.032CrossRefPubMed

32.

Papadimitriou N, Markozannes G, Kanellopoulou A et al (2021) An umbrella review of the evidence associating diet and cancer risk at 11 anatomical sites. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24861-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Buja A, Pierbon M, Lago L et al (2020) Breast cancer primary prevention and diet: an umbrella review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:4731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134731CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Markozannes G, Tzoulaki I, Karli D et al (2016) Diet, body size, physical activity and risk of prostate cancer: an umbrella review of the evidence. Eur J Cancer 69:61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.026CrossRefPubMed

35.

Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ et al (1985) Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 122:51–65. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086CrossRefPubMed

36.

Subar AF, Kushi LH, Lerman JL et al (2017) Invited commentary: the contribution to the field of nutritional epidemiology of the landmark 1985 publication by Willett et al. Am J Epidemiol 185:1124–1129CrossRefPubMed

37.

Kipnis V, Freedman LS (2008) Impact of exposure measurement error in nutritional epidemiology. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:1658–1659. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn408CrossRefPubMed

38.

Yuan C, Spiegelman D, Rimm EB et al (2017) Validity of a dietary questionnaire assessed by comparison with multiple weighed dietary records or 24-hour recalls. Am J Epidemiol 185:570–584. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww104CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Kipnis V, Subar AF, Midthune D et al (2003) Structure of dietary measurement error: results of the OPEN biomarker study. Am J Epidemiol 158:14–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg091CrossRefPubMed

40.

Jones JI, Clemmons DR (1995) Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. Endocr Rev 16:3–34. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-16-1-3CrossRefPubMed

41.

Pollak M (2012) The insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptor family in neoplasia: an update. Nat Rev Cancer 12:159–169. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3215CrossRefPubMed

42.

Valentinis B, Baserga R (2001) IGF-I receptor signalling in transformation and differentiation. Mol Pathol 54:133–137. https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.54.3.133CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Nimptsch K, Pischon T (2016) Obesity biomarkers, metabolism and risk of cancer: an epidemiological perspective. Recent Results Cancer Res 208:199–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42542-9_11CrossRefPubMed

44.

Watts EL, Fensom GK, Smith Byrne K et al (2021) Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I, total and free testosterone concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 200 000 men in UK Biobank. Int J Cancer 148:2274–2288. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33416CrossRefPubMed

45.

Larsson SC, Carter P, Vithayathil M et al (2020) Insulin-like growth factor-1 and site-specific cancers: a Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Med 9:6836–6842. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3345CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Murphy N, Knuppel A, Papadimitriou N et al (2020) Insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, and breast cancer risk: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses with ∼430 000 women. Ann Oncol 31:641–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2020.01.066CrossRefPubMed

47.

Murphy N, Carreras-Torres R, Song M et al (2020) Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 associate with risk of colorectal cancer based on serologic and Mendelian randomization analyses. Gastroenterology 158:1300-1312.e20. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.020CrossRefPubMed

48.

Kazemi A, Speakman JR, Soltani S et al (2020) Effect of calorie restriction or protein intake on circulating levels of insulin like growth factor I in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 39:1705–1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.030CrossRefPubMed

49.

Crowe FL, Key TJ, Allen NE et al (2009) The association between diet and serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:1333–1340. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0781CrossRefPubMed

50.

Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Liu Y et al (2003) Nutritional predictors of insulin-like growth factor I and their relationships to cancer in men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:84–89PubMed

51.

Holmes MD, Pollak MN, Willett WC et al (2002) Dietary correlates of plasma insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 concentrations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:852–861PubMed

52.

Larsson SC, Wolk K, Brismar K et al (2005) Association of diet with serum insulin-like growth factor I in middle-aged and elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 81:1163–1167. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.5.1163CrossRefPubMed

53.

McGreevy KM, Hoel BD, Lipsitz SR et al (2007) Impact of nutrients on insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and their ratio in African American and white males. Public Health Nutr 10:97–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007217999CrossRefPubMed

54.

Norat T, Dossus L, Rinaldi S et al (2007) Diet, serum insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in European women. Eur J Clin Nutr 61:91–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602494CrossRefPubMed

55.

Young NJ, Metcalfe C, Gunnell D et al (2012) A cross-sectional analysis of the association between diet and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2, and IGFBP-3 in men in the United Kingdom. Cancer Causes Control 23:907–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9961-6CrossRefPubMed

56.

Bradbury KE, Balkwill A, Tipper SJ et al (2015) The association of plasma IGF-I with dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric, and early life factors in postmenopausal women. Growth Horm IGF Res Off J Growth Horm Res Soc Internat IGF Res Soc 25:90–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2015.01.001CrossRef

57.

Watling CZ, Kelly RK, Tong TYN et al (2021) Associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I with intake of dietary proteins and other macronutrients. Clin Nutr 40:4685–4693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.021CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

DeLellis K, Rinaldi S, Kaaks RJ et al (2004) Dietary and lifestyle correlates of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3): the multiethnic cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:1444–1451CrossRefPubMed

59.

Gunnell D, Oliver SE, Peters TJ et al (2003) Are diet-prostate cancer associations mediated by the IGF axis? A cross-sectional analysis of diet, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in healthy middle-aged men. Br J Cancer 88:1682–1686. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6600946CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Beasley JM, Gunter MJ, LaCroix AZ et al (2014) Associations of serum insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 levels with biomarker-calibrated protein, dairy product and milk intake in the Women‘s Health Initiative. Br J Nutr 111:847–853. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451300319XCrossRefPubMed

61.

Mucci LA, Tamimi R, Lagiou P et al (2001) Are dietary influences on the risk of prostate cancer mediated through the insulin-like growth factor system? BJU Int 87:814–820. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02191.xCrossRefPubMed

62.

Signorello LB, Kuper H, Lagiou P et al (2000) Lifestyle factors and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels among elderly men. Eur J Cancer Prev 9:173–178CrossRefPubMed

63.

Harrison S, Lennon R, Holly J et al (2017) Does milk intake promote prostate cancer initiation or progression via effects on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 28:497–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-017-0883-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Larsson SC, Mason AM, Kar S et al (2020) Genetically proxied milk consumption and risk of colorectal, bladder, breast, and prostate cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 18:370. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01839-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Newmark HL, Wargovich MJ, Bruce WR (1984) Colon cancer and dietary fat, phosphate, and calcium: a hypothesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 72:1323–1325PubMed

66.

Lamprecht SA, Lipkin M (2001) Cellular mechanisms of calcium and vitamin D in the inhibition of colorectal carcinogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 952:73–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02729.xCrossRefPubMed

67.

Zhao Z, Feng Q, Yin Z et al (2017) Red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 8:83306–83314CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Cervellin G (2016) Meat consumption and cancer risk: a critical review of published meta-analyses. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 97:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.008CrossRefPubMed

69.

Watling CZ, Kelly RK, Tong TYN et al (2023) Associations between food group intakes and circulating insulin-like growth factor-I in the UK Biobank: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Nutr 62:115–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02954-4CrossRefPubMed

70.

Bastide NM, Pierre FHF, Corpet DE (2011) Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 4:177–184. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0113CrossRefPubMed

71.

Bouvard V, Loomis D, Guyton KZ et al (2015) Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. Lancet Oncol 16:1599–1600. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00444-1CrossRefPubMed

72.

He Y, Tao Q, Zhou F et al (2021) The relationship between dairy products intake and breast cancer incidence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Cancer 21:1109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08854-wCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Dong JY, Zhang L, He K et al (2011) Dairy consumption and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 127:23–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-011-1467-5CrossRefPubMed

74.

Wu Y, Huang R, Wang M et al (2021) Dairy foods, calcium, and risk of breast cancer overall and for subtypes defined by estrogen receptor status: a pooled analysis of 21 cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 114:450–461. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab097CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

75.

Martini D, Godos J, Marventano S et al (2021) Nut and legume consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 72:871–878. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2021.1880554CrossRefPubMed

76.

Kazemi A, Barati-Boldaji R, Soltani S et al (2021) Intake of various food groups and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Adv Nutr 12:809–849. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa147CrossRefPubMed

77.

Schwingshackl L, Schünemann HJ, Meerpohl JJ (2020) Improving the trustworthiness of findings from nutrition evidence syntheses: assessing risk of bias and rating the certainty of evidence. Eur J Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02464-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

78.

Schünemann HJ, Cuello C, Akl EA et al (2019) GRADE guidelines: 18. How ROBINS-I and other tools to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies should be used to rate the certainty of a body of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 111:105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.012CrossRefPubMed

Title: Protein intake and cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society
Authors: Tilman Kühn
Nicole Kalotai
Anna M. Amini
Julia Haardt
Andreas Lehmann
Annemarie Schmidt
Anette E. Buyken
Sarah Egert
Sabine Ellinger
Anja Kroke
Stefan Lorkowski
Sandrine Louis
Matthias B. Schulze
Lukas Schwingshackl
Roswitha Siener
Gabriele I. Stangl
Bernhard Watzl
Armin Zittermann
Katharina Nimptsch
on behalf of the German Nutrition Society
Publication date: 21-04-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03380-4

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com