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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Kai Wei Lee, Siew Mooi Ching, Vasudevan Ramachandran, Anne Yee, Fan Kee Hoo, Yook Chin Chia, Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman, Subapriya Suppiah, Mohd Hazmi Mohamed, Sajesh K. Veettil

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a of the major public health issues in Asia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for GDM in Asia via a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus and ScienceDirect for observational studies in Asia from inception to August 2017. We selected cross sectional studies reporting the prevalence and risk factors for GDM. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of GDM and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Eighty-four studies with STROBE score ≥ 14 were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of GDM in Asia was 11.5% (95% CI 10.9–12.1). There was considerable heterogeneity (I2 > 95%) in the prevalence of GDM in Asia, which is likely due to differences in diagnostic criteria, screening methods and study setting. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the risk factors of GDM include history of previous GDM (OR 8.42, 95% CI 5.35–13.23); macrosomia (OR 4.41, 95% CI 3.09–6.31); and congenital anomalies (OR 4.25, 95% CI 1.52–11.88). Other risk factors include a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (OR 3.27, 95% CI 2.81–3.80); pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.19–4.68); family history of diabetes (OR 2.77, 2.22–3.47); history of stillbirth (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.68–3.40); polycystic ovary syndrome (OR 2.33, 95% CI1.72–3.17); history of abortion (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.54–3.29); age ≥ 25 (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.96–2.41); multiparity ≥2 (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.24–1.52); and history of preterm delivery (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.21–3.07).

Conclusion

We found a high prevalence of GDM among the Asian population. Asian women with common risk factors especially among those with history of previous GDM, congenital anomalies or macrosomia should receive additional attention from physician as high-risk cases for GDM in pregnancy.

Trial registration

PROSPERO (2017: CRD42017070104).
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Kai Wei Lee
Siew Mooi Ching
Vasudevan Ramachandran
Anne Yee
Fan Kee Hoo
Yook Chin Chia
Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman
Subapriya Suppiah
Mohd Hazmi Mohamed
Sajesh K. Veettil
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2131-4

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