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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Prediabetes | Research

Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS)

Authors: Sanam Hariri, Zahra Rahimi, Nahid Hashemi-Madani, Seyyed Ali Mard, Farnaz Hashemi, Zahra Mohammadi, Leila Danehchin, Farhad Abolnezhadian, Aliasghar Valipour, Yousef Paridar, Mohammad Mahdi Mir-Nasseri, Alireza Khajavi, Sahar Masoudi, Saba Alvand, Bahman Cheraghian, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Mohammad E. Khamseh, Hossein Poustchi

Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders | Issue 1/2021

Background

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is postulated to have the highest increase in the prevalence of diabetes by 2030; however, studies on the epidemiology of diabetes are rather limited across the region, including in Iran.

Methods

This study was conducted between 2016 and 2018 among Iranian adults aged 20 to 65 years residing in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Diabetes was defined as the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level of 126 mg/dl or higher, and/or taking antidiabetic medications, and/or self-declared diabetes. Prediabetes was defined as FBG 100 to 125 mg/dl. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association of multiple risk factors that attained significance on the outcome.

Results

Overall, 30,498 participants were recruited; the mean (±SD) age was 41.6 (±11.9) years. The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were 30.8 and 15.3%, respectively. We found a similar prevalence of diabetes in both sexes, although it was higher among illiterates, urban residents, married people, and smokers. Participants aged 50–65 and those with Body Mass Index (BMI) 30 kg/m² or higher were more likely to be affected by diabetes [RR: 20.5 (18.1,23.3) and 3.2 (3.0,3.6)]. Hypertension [RR: 5.1 (4.7,5.5)], waist circumference (WC) equal or more than 90 cm [RR: 3.6 (3.3,3.9)], and family history [RR: 2.3 (2.2,2.5)] were also significantly associated with diabetes. For prediabetes, the main risk factors were age 50 to 65 years [RR: 2.6 (2.4,2.8)], BMI 30 kg/m² or higher [RR: 1.9 (1.8,2.0)], hypertension and WC of 90 cm or higher [RR: 1.7 (1.6,1.8)]. The adjusted relative risks for all variables were higher in females than males, with the exception of family history for both conditions and waist circumference for prediabetes.

Conclusions

Prediabetes and diabetes are prevalent in southwestern Iran. The major determinants are older age, obesity, and the presence of hypertension. Further interventions are required to escalate diabetes prevention and diagnosis in high-risk areas across Iran.

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Title: Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS)
Authors: Sanam Hariri
Zahra Rahimi
Nahid Hashemi-Madani
Seyyed Ali Mard
Farnaz Hashemi
Zahra Mohammadi
Leila Danehchin
Farhad Abolnezhadian
Aliasghar Valipour
Yousef Paridar
Mohammad Mahdi Mir-Nasseri
Alireza Khajavi
Sahar Masoudi
Saba Alvand
Bahman Cheraghian
Ali Akbar Shayesteh
Mohammad E. Khamseh
Hossein Poustchi
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Prediabetes
Hypertension
Hypertension
Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6823
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00790-x

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