10-Year clinical outcomes of hemodialysis patients with peripheral arterial disease due to infrainguinal disease undergoing endovascular therapy

Although symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in patients with hemodialysis (HD), few studies have evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes of revascularization in this population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the 10-year clinical outcomes of HD patients with PAD undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT). We retrospectively analyzed 750 limbs from 578 HD patients with symptomatic PAD due to infrainguinal lesions, treated with EVT, between May 2004 and November 2011. The primary outcome was 10-year mortality and the secondary outcome was 10-year freedom from major adverse limb events (MALEs). Predictors for each outcome were evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards model. The 10-year rate of survival and freedom from MALEs was 23.6 ± 3.1% and 76.4 ± 2.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, patients with over 80 years [hazard ratio (HR) 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–2.80; p < 0.001], non-ambulatory status (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.19–2.03; p = 0.001), absence of hypertension (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.19–2.08; p = 0.001), heart failure (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02–1.80; p = 0.03), and tissue loss (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.28–2.12; p < 0.001) were at an increased risk of 10-year mortality. Cerebrovascular diseases (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.03–2.49; p = 0.038), no cilostazol use (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.09–2.70; p = 0.021), tissue loss (HR 3.87; 95% CI 2.37–6.34; p < 0.001), and poor below-the-knee (BTK) run-off (HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.04–2.71; p = 0.035) were significantly associated with MALEs. After risk stratification analysis based on risk score assignment according to number of predictors, 10-year survival and freedom from MALE were lower in the higher score groups (10-year survival rates according to number of risk factors: 0, 35.1%; 1, 20.3%; 2–5, 10.8%; respectively, p < 0.001, 10-year freedom from MALE rates in patients with greater number of risk factors: 0–1, 90.2%; 2–3, 65.5%; 4–5, 61.6%; respectively, p < 0.001). The 10-year clinical outcomes after EVT for HD patients with PAD due to infrainguinal disease were clinically suboptimal. Risk stratification based on these predictors before EVT would be useful in estimating future adverse outcome.