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Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 12/2017

01-12-2017 | Allergic Skin Diseases (L Fonacier, Section Editor)

Pathomechanisms of Contact Sensitization

Authors: Philipp R. Esser, Stefan F. Martin

Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Issue 12/2017

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Abstract

Contact sensitization is the initial process involved in the development of an allergic reaction to xenobiotic environmental substances. Here, we briefly describe the differences between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Then, we highlight the essential steps involved in the development of an ACD reaction, i.e., the protein binding of haptens, genetic factors influencing the penetration of sensitizers into the skin, the different mechanisms driving the initial development of an inflammatory cytokine micromilieu enabling the full maturation of dendritic cells, the role of pre- and pro-haptens, antigen presentation and T cell activation via MHC and CD1 molecules, dendritic cell (DC) migration, and potential LC contribution as well as the different T cell subsets involved in ACD. In addition, we discuss the latest publications regarding factors that might influence the sensitizing potential such as repeated sensitizer application, penetration enhancers, humidity of the skin, microbiota, Tregs, and phthalates. Last but not least, we briefly touch upon novel targets for drug development that might serve as treatment options for ACD.
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Metadata
Title
Pathomechanisms of Contact Sensitization
Authors
Philipp R. Esser
Stefan F. Martin
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Issue 12/2017
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-017-0752-8

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Risk Factors in Preschool Children for Predicting Asthma During the Preschool Age and the Early School Age: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis